1 [Written, according to Neander, about a.d. 208.]
4 i.e., in Adrumetum (Oehler).
6 i.e., Etruscans, who were supposed to be of Lydian origin.
8 A Roman knight and mime-writer.
11 Caput vindicantis. But some read capite: "which avenges itself with its head."
12 See Virg., AEn., iii. 415 (Oehler).
14 See Adv. Herm., c. xxv. ad fin. (Oehler).
15 As being "the ears of an ass."
16 Mundus. Oehler's pointing is disregarded.
17 Mundus. Oehler's pointing is disregarded.
18 Mundus. Oehler's pointing is disregarded.
19 Metatio nostra, i.e., the world.
20 i.e., blind. Cf. Milton, P. L. iii. 35, with the preceding and subsequent context.
21 Alluding to the Sibylline oracles, in which we read (l. iii.), Kai Samoj ammoj esh, kai Dhloj adhloj and again (l. iv.), Dhloj ouk eti dhloj, adhla de panta tou Dhlou (Oehler).
22 See Apolog., c. xi. med.; ad Nat., l. i. c. ix. med.; Plato, Timaeus, pp. 24, 25 (Oehler).
23 Oehler's apt conjecture, "et solum sua dabat," is substituted for the unintelligible "et solus audiebat" of the mss., which Rig. skilfully but indffectually tries to explain.
24 The "camp" of Cambyses, said by Herod, (iii.26) to have been swallowed up in the Libyan Syrtes (Salm. in Oehler). It was one detachment of his army. Milton tells similar tales of the "Serbonian bog." P.L., ii. 591-594.
27 "Alias versura compensati redit;" unless we may read "reddit," and take "versura" as a nominative: "the turn of compensation at some other time restores."
28 This rendering, which makes the earth the subject, appears to give at least an intelligible sense to this hopelessly corrupt passage. Oehler's pointing is disregarded; and his rendering not strictly adhered to, as being too forced. If for Oehler's conjectural "se demum intellegens" we might read "se debere demum intellegens," or simply "se debere intellegens," a good sense might be made, thus: "understanding at last" (or, simply, "understanding") "that it was her duty to cultivate all (parts of her surface)."
29 Comp. Gen. xi. 26-xii. 5 with Acts vii. 2-4, 15, 45, and xiii. 17-19.
31 Oehler understands this of Clodius Albinus, and the Augusti mentioned above to be Severus and his two sons Antonius and Geta. But see Kaye, pp. 36-39 (ed. 3, 1845).
32 Reflecti: perhaps a play upon the word = to turn back, or (mentally) to reflect.
34 i.e., a place which he was to work, as condemned criminals worked mines. Comp., de Pu., c. xxii. sub init.; and see Gen. ii. 25 (in LXX. iii. 1), iii. 7, 21-24.
35 Alexander Polyhistor, who dedicated his books on the affairs of the Phrygians and Egyptians to his mother (Rig. in Oehler).
36 The Egyptian Liber, or Bacchus. See de Cor., c. vii. (Rig. in Oehler).
37 Male senescentia. Rig. (as quoted by Oehler) seems to interpret, "which entail a feeble old age." Oehler himself seems to take it to mean "pursuits which are growing very old, and toiling to no purpose."
38 Or, as some take it, with wax (Oehler).
41 Axillenj: from a privative, and seilo<\|dq_, the lip. See Oehler.
42 The Centaur Chiron, namely.
43 Deianira, of whom he had begotten Pyrrhus (Oehler).
44 See the note on this word in de Idol., c. xviii.
45 Hom., Od., svi. 294 (Oehler).
46 Jos. Mercer, quoted by Oehler, appears to take the meaning to be,"to his clandestine Lydian concubine;" but that rendering does not seem necessary.
47 Viraginis; but perhaps = virginis. See the Vulg. in Gen. ii. 23.
49 Or, "which are now attributed to Novius." Novius was a writer of that kind of farce called "Atellanae favulae;" and one of his farces - or one attributed to him in Tertullian's day - was called "The Fullers."
50 i.e., cynical; comp. de Pa., c. ii. ad init.
51 i.e., Domitian, called by Juv. calvum Neronem, Sat. iv, 38.
53 Comp. de Idol., c. viii. med.
54 i.e., one who affects Tyrian - dresses in Tyrian purple.
55 Empedocles (Salm. in Oehler).
56 I have adopted Oehler's suggestion, and inserted these words.
57 i.e., of Cloacina or Cluacina (= "the Purifier," a name of Venue; comp. White and Riddle), which Tertullian either purposely connects with "cloaca," a sewer (with which, indeed, it may be really connected, as coming derivatively from the same root), and takes to mean "the nymphs of the sewers" apparently.
58 The nymphs above named (Oehler).
59 i.e., are worn by his votaries.
60 i.e., Christianity. Cf. 1 Cor. ii. 6, 7.
63 Of course the meaning is, "on the doffing of which a man congratulates himself more," etc.; but Tertullian as it were personifies the act of doffing, and represents it as congratulating the doffer; and I have scrupulously retained all his extravagances, believing them (in the present treatise at least) to be intentional.
65 "Inhumano;" or, perhaps, "involving superhuman effort."
66 Oehler attempts to defend the common reading, "humerum velans exponit vel includit;" but the correction of Salmasius and Lud. de la Cerda which he quotes, "vel exponit," is followed in preference. If Oehler's reading be retained, we may render: "a covering for the shoulder, it exposes or encloses it at will."
67 i.e., the "shoeing" appropriate to the mantle will consist at most of sandals; "shoes" being (as has been said) suited to the gown.
68 "Erat." - Oehler, who refers to "errat" as the general reading, and (if adopted) renders: "This sentiment errs (Or wanders) in all directions;" making olim = passim.
69 Reckoning the 1000 sesterces at their pre-Augustan value, £8, 17s. 1d.
70 "Promulsis" - a tray on which the first course ("promulsis" or "antecoena") was served, otherwise called "promulsidare."
71 As Pliny (quoted by Oehler) tells us was the case.
73 Reckoning the 1000 sesterces at the post-Augustan value, £7, 16s. 3d.
74 Wordsworth's Greece, p. 263. London, 1839.
75 See vol. i. p. 160, this series.
76 But it was assuming a questionable point (See Kaye, p. 49) to give it this name in the title, and I have retained it untranslated.
77 See note on p. 160 of vol. i., this series.
78 See his valuable and exhaustive treatise, the Vestiarium Christianum, especially pp. 73, 125, 233, 490. Also, for the Gallicanum, p. 204 and Appendix E., with pp. 210, 424. For the Graecum, pp. xii. (note), xv. 73, 127, 233.
1 [Written about a.d. 202. See Kaye, p. 56.]
1 Comp. Heb. viii. 11; Jer. xxxi. 34 (in the LXX. it is xxxviii. 34).
3 Comp. Gen. iii. 16, in Eng. ver. and in LXX.
5 Resignatrix. Comp. the phrase "a fountain sealed" in Cant. iv. 12.
6 "Suasisti" is the reading of the mss.; "persuasisti," a conjectural emendation adopted by Rig.
10 Comp. with this chapter, de Idol., c. ix.; de Or., c. xxii.; de Cult. Fem., l. ii. c. x.; de Virg. Vel., c. vii.
12 Curiositatem. Comp. de Idol., c. ix., and Acts xix. 19.
13 Quo oculorum exordia producuntur. Comp. ii. 5.
14 "Jam," i.e., without going any farther. Comp. c. iv. et seqq.
15 Sicut. But Pam. and Rig. read "sive."
21 See Matt. xxii. 30; Mark xii. 25; Luke xx. 35, 36; and comp. Gal. iii. 28.
24 See Gen. v. 21, 25, 28, 29.
25 "Nomine;" perhaps = "account."
35 Mundum muliebrem. Comp. Liv. xxxiv. 7.
37 Jam hinc; comp. ad. Ux., i. 1 ad init. and ad fin., and 8 ad fin.
39 De suo. Comp. de Bapt., c. xvii. sub fin.
40 Peloris. Comp. Hor., ii. 4, 32, and Macleane's note there.
42 Smaragdi. Comp. Rev. iv. 3.
47 i.e., the treatise de Spectaculis.
49 "Affici" - a rare use rather of "afficere," but found in Cic.
50 Or perhaps "is fed" thereby; for the word is "vescitur."
51 "Conditio" - a rare use again.
54 "Saltus et insulae," i.e., as much as would purchase them.
3 See 1 Cor. iii. 16, 17, vi. 19, 20.
5 Cultus et ornatus. For the distinction between them, see b. i. c. iv.
9 Substantia. Comp. Heb. xi. 1, esti de pisti <\dq_elpizomenwn upostasi<\|dq_
11 Matt. v. 17. Comp. de Or., c. xxii. mid.; de Pa., c. vi. mid.; de Paen., c. iii. sub fin.
12 The second "non," or else the first, must apparently be omitted.
13 Matt. v. 28. See de Idol., c. ii.; de Pa., c. vi.; de Paen., c. iii.
14 "Qui," Oehler; "quae," Rig.
15 Comp. de Paen. c. iii. (latter half).
17 Lev. xix. 18; Matt. xix. 19, xxii. 39; Mark xii. 31; Luke x. 27; Rom. xiii. 9; Gal. v. 14; Jas. ii. 8.
18 Comp. 1 Cor. x. 24, xiii. 5; Phil. ii. 4.
27 "Salutem contumelia redemit;" the "insult" being the denial of her as his wife.
29 Angelis Dei. Comp. the opening sentence of the book.
31 See Gal. vi. 13 and 1 Cor. iii. 21, v. 6.
35 Comp. 2 Cor. xi. 18, xii. 10; Phil. iii. 3, 4.
36 Non adjuvare, sed etiam impedire, debet.
43 Urgent. Comp. de Paen., c. xi.
44 "Fuligine," lit. "soot." Comp. b. i. c. ii.
52 Jam capillos: so Oehler and Rig. But the others read patriam capillo: "they change their country by the instrumentality of their hair."
57 Comp. Ps. xxv. 7 (in LXX. xxiv. 7).
61 Mensuram. See Matt. vi. 27.
63 "Alieni:" perhaps here = "alien," i.e., "heathen," as in other places.
66 See 1 Cor. xi. 2-16; and comp. de Or., c. xxii., and the treatise de Virg. Vel.
67 Comp. ad Ux., b. ii. c. iii.
68 Ambitu (habitu is a conjectural emendation noticed by Oehler) capitis.
70 Comp. 1 Cor. xv. 50 with 1 Thess. v. 23.
71 Or, "within the limits of the flesh and the spirit."
77 Comp. de Pa., c. xv. ad fin.
82 De suo. Comp. de Bapt., c. xvii. (sub. fin.), de Cult. Fem., b. i. c. v. (med.).
85 Mundo; kosmw. See 1 Cor. vii. 31.
94 1 Cor. x. 11, ei <\dq_ou<\|dq_ ta telh twn aiwnwn kathnthsen.
96 In extimatione temporali. See Eph. i. 4 and 1 Pet. i. 20.
100 Comp. i. cc. ii. iii. v. vii. viii.
105 kosumbou. Isa. iii. 18 (in LXX.).
125 Comp. Gen. xxxviii. 12-30.
128 Comp. John v. 34; 1 Cor. iv. 3.
129 Comp. 1 Sam. xvi. 7; Jer. xvii. 10; Luke xvi. 15.
130 See Phil. iv. 5, 8; Rom. xii. 17; 2 Cor. viii. 21.
131 See Matt. v. 16; and comp. de Idol., c. xv. ad init.
133 Matt. v. 15; Mark iv. 21; Luke viii. 16, xi. 33.
139 See also Pusey's reply to Dr. Farrar.
140 Credibility, etc. iv. pp. 460-462.
1 [Written, possibly, as early as a.d. 204.]
3 John xvi. 12, 13. See de Monog., c. ii.
11 Comp. John v. 44 and xii. 43.
15 The allusion is perhaps to 1 Cor. xiv. 35.
24 [i.e., Ebion, founder of the Ebionites.]
34 1 Cor. xiv. 34, 35; 1 Tim. ii. 11, 12.
36 See 1 Cor. vii. 5. Comp. ad Ux., l. i. c. viii.; de Ex. Cast., c. i.
37 So Oehler and others. But one ms. reads "concupiscentiae fructum" for "concupiscentiam fructus;" which would make the sense somewhat plainer, and hence is perhaps less likely to be the genuine reading.
38 Gen. ii. 25, iii. 7 (in LXX. iii. 1, iii. 7).
41 Gen. xxiv. 64, 65. Comp. de Or., c. xxii. ad fin.
42 Oehler's "immutare" appears certainly to be a misprint for "immature."
43 Vertunt: or perhaps "change the style of." But comp. (with Oehler) de Cult. Fem., l. ii. c. vi.
44 i.e., without appealing to any further proof.
45 As distinguished from the "on account of the angels" of c. xi.
46 i.e., for the sake of the brethren, who (after all) are men, as the heathens are (Oehler, after Rig.).
47 i.e., as Rig. quoted by Oehler explains it, in inducing the heathens to practise it.
52 So Oehler, with Rig., seems to understand "publicato bono suo." But it may be doubted whether the use of the singular "bono," and the sense in which "publicare" and "bonum" have previously occurred in this treatise, do not warrant the rendering, "and elated by the public announcement of their good deed" - in self-devotion. Comp. "omnis publicatio virginis bonae" in c. iii., and similar phrases. Perhaps the two meanings may be intentionally implied.
53 Matt. x. 26. Again apparently a double meaning, in the word "revelabitus" = "unveiled," which (of course) is the strict sense of "revealed," i.e., "re-veiled."
54 Comp. the note above on "publicato bono suo."
55 Comp. Ps. cxlvii. (in LXX. and Vulg. cxlvi.) 6; Luke i. 52.
56 See 1 Cor. xi. 14, above quoted.
60 The Christian Life, vol. iii. p. 64.
61 Tertullian speaks of the heathen as "decimated by abortions." See ad Uxor., p. 41, infra.
62 Lippincotts, Philadelphia, 1868.
1 [Written circa a.d. 207. Tertullian survived his wife; and we cannot date these books earlier than about the time of his writing the De Pallio, in the opinion of some.]
5 Posteritati; or, with Mr. Dodgson, "our future."s1.v4.a1.w4.b1.f7 Deputantur.
6 Doldium; alluding to certain laws respecting a widow's power of receiving "in its entirety" her deceased husband's property.
10 Nulla ... neminem - two negatives.
11 See Matt. xxii. 23-33; Mark xii. 18-27; Luke xx. 27-40.
12 Jam hinc. See beginning of chapter.
17 "Fas," strictly divine law, opp. to "jus," human law; thus "lawful," as opp. to "legal."
18 Plurifariam matrimoniis uti. The neut. pl. "matrimonia" is sometimes used for "wives." Comp. c. v. ad fin. and de Paen., c. xii. ad fin.
19 Sermo, i.e., probably the personal Word. Comp. de Or., c. i. ad init.
20 Rom. ii. 28, 29; Phil. iii. 3; Col. ii. 11.
21 Saeculi. The meaning here seems clearly to be, as in the text, "the Jewish age" or dispensation; as in the passages referred to - 1 Cor. x. 11, where it is ta telh twn aiwnwn; and Heb. ix. 26, where again it is twn aiwnwn, the Jewish and all preceding ages being intended.
22 "Jam hinc," i.e., apparently from the time of Christ's advent.
25 Matt. x. 23; perhaps confused with xxiii. 34.
26 Comp. de Idol., c. xxiii., and the note there on "se negant."
27 i.e., in martyrdom, on the ground of that open confession.
30 Laqueum = broxon (1 Cor. vii. 35), "a noose," "lasso" ("snare," Eng. ver.). "Laqueo trahuntur inviti" (Bengel).
33 Adulamur: "we fawn upon," or "caress," or "flatter." Comp. de Paen., c. vi. sub init.: "flatter their own sweetness."
34 "Firmum," opp. to "infirmam" above. In the passage there referred to (Matt. xxvi. 41) the word is proqumon.
35 Tuemur. Mr. Dodgson renders, "guard not."
37 i.e., apparently second marriages: "disjunctis a matrimonio" can scarcely include such as were never "juncti;" and comp. the "praemissis maritis" below.
38 Comp. Phil. iv. 3; 2 Tim. ii. 19; Mal. iii. 16; and similar passages.
39 1 John i. 1; Luke xxiv. 39; John xx. 17.
47 Comp. Phil. iv. 19; 1 Tim. vi. 8.
48 Comp. 1 Cor. vii. 35, exp. in Eng. ver.
50 Comp. c. iv. above "praemissis maritis;" "when their husbands have preceded them (to glory)."
52 Phil. i. 23; comp. de Pa., c. ix. ad fin.
55 "Parricidiis." So Oehler seems to understand it.
56 Luke xxi. 23; Matt. xxiv. 19.
58 "Expiasse" - a rare but Ciceronian use of the word.
62 Saeculi. Comp. 1 Cor. x. 11; but the Greek there is, ta telh twn aiwnwn. By the "blindness," Tertullian may refer to Gen. xix. 11.
63 Or, "short" (Eng. ver.); 1 Cor. vii. 29. o kairo <\dq_ounestalmeno<\|dq_, "in collecto."
64 ""Matrimonia", " neut. pl. again for the fem., the abstract for the concrete. See c. ii., "to multiply wives," and the note there. In the Greek (1 Cor. vii. 29) it is <\dq_gunaika<\|dq_: but the ensuing chapter shows that Tertullian refers the passage to women as well.
65 Comp. de Pa., xiii., and Matt. xix. 12. Comp. too, de Ex. Cast., c. i.
67 Oehler marks this as a question.
69 Comp. Rev. xii. 9, and de Bapt., 1.
71 Gehennae; comp. de Paen., c. xii. ad init.
72 i.e., eternal life; comp. "consecutio aeternitatis," de Bapt., c. ii..
73 1 Cor. xv. 53; 2 Cor. v. 4.
76 "Matrimonio," or "by matrimony." Comp. 1 Cor. vii. 27: dedesai gunaiki\ mh zhtei lusin lelusai apo gunaiko\ mh zhtei gunaika. Tertullian's rendering, it will be seen, is not verbatim.
77 "Matrimonio," or "by matrimony." Comp. 1 Cor. vii. 27: dedesai gunaiki\ mh zhtei lusin lelusai apo gunaiko\ mh zhtei gunaika. Tertullian's rendering, it will be seen, is not verbatim.
79 Or, "been able" - valuminus. But comp. c. vi.
80 See c. iii., "quod autem necessitas praestat, depretiat ipsa," etc.
84 Comp. de Cor., c. i., "et de martyrii candida melius coronatus, " and Oehler's note.
88 So Oehler reads, with Rhenanus and the mss. The other edd. have the plural in each case, as the LXX. in the passage referred to (Isa. i. 17, 18).
89 So Oehler reads, with Rhenanus and the mss. The other edd. have the plural in each case, as the LXX. in the passage referred to (Isa. i. 17, 18).
90 Desideraveris. Oehler reads "desideres."
94 A verse said to be Menander's, quoted by St. Paul, 1 Cor. xv. 33; quoted again, but somewhat differently rendered, by Tertullian in b. i. c. iii.
95 i.e., here "female companions."
98 i.e., if I be called before you; comp. c. i.
1 Potissimum; Gr. "monon," 1 Cor. vii. 39.
3 Ps. lxix. 23 (according to the "Great Bible" version, ed. 1539. This is the translation found in the "Book of Common Prayer"). Comp. Rom. xiv. 13.
6 Exerte. Comp. the use of "exertus" in de Bapt., cc. xii. and xviii.
7 1 Cor. vii. 39, where the monon en Kuriw is on the same footing as <\dq_gunh dedetai ef oson xronon zh o anhr auth<\|dq_: comp. c. ix. and Rom. vii. 1 (kn the Eng. ver. 2).
8 Praevaricationem. Comp. de Paen., c. iii.: "Dissimulator et praevaricator perspicaciae suae (Deus) non est."
9 1 Cor. vii. 12-14, in sense, not verbatim.
13 Comp. 1 Cor. vii. 15, 16, and Phil. iii. 8, in Vulg., for the word "lucrifieri."
14 1 Cor. vii. 17, inexactly given, like the two preceding citations.
15 1 Cor. vii. 39, not verbatim.
16 i.e., St. Paul, who, as inspired by the Holy Spirit, is regarded by Tertullian as merged, so to speak, in the Spirit.
17 "Exemplum," a rarer use of the word, but found in Cic. The reference is to 1 Cor. vii. 7.
19 Districta (? = dis-stricta, "doubly strict").
20 Comp. Phil. iii. 12, and c. vii. ad init.
22 Comp. Jude 7, and above, "an alien and stranger," with the reference there.
23 Comp. de Pa., c. xii. (mid.), and the note there.
25 The translator has ventured to read "die illo" here, instead of Oehler's "de illo."
26 1 Cor. iii. 16, comp. vi. 19.
29 See the last reference, and Acts xx. 28, where the mss. vary between Qeou and Kuriou.
30 De proximo. Comp. de Pa., cc. v. and vii. "Deo de proximo amicus;" "de proximo in Deum peccat."
31 Comp. b. i. c. viii. sub. fin., where Tertullian quotes the same passage, but renders it somewhat differently.
32 Comp. Matt. vi. 24; Luke xvi. 13.
34 For the meaning of "statio," see de Or., c. xix.
39 Comp. de Idol., c. xi. sub fin.
40 "Speculatorem;" also = an executioner. Comp. vi. 27.
41 Comp. Luke i. 38, and de Cult. Fem., b. ii. c. i. ad init.
43 Sanctis - inquis. Comp. St. Paul's antithesis of adikwn and agiwn in 1 Cor. vi. 1.
46 So Oehler understands (apparently) the meaning to be. The translator is inclined to think that, adopting Oehler's reading, we may perhaps take the "Dei" with "aliquid," and the "coenans" absolutely, and render, "From the tavern, no doubt, while supping, she will hear some (strain) of God," in allusion to the former sentence, and to such passages as Ps. cxxxvii. 4 (in the LXX. it is cxxxvi. 4).
47 Comp. Phil. iii. 12, and c. ii. sub fin.
48 Comp. 1 Cor. vii. 16, and 1 Pet. iii. 1.
49 Tertullian here and in other places appears, as the best editors maintain, to use the masculine gender for the feminine.
50 Magnalia. Comp. 2 Cor. xii. 12.
52 Comp. de Or., c. iii. (med.), "angelorum candidati;" and de Bapt., c. x. sub fin., "candidatus remissionis."
53 Oehler refers us to Tac., Ann., xii. 53, and the notes on that passage. (Consult especially Orelli's edition.)
54 The translator inclines to think that Tertullian, desiring to keep up the parallelism of the last-mentioned case, in which (see note 1) the slave's master had to give the "warning," means by "domino" here, not "the Lord," who on his hypothesis is the woman's Master, not the slave's, but the "lord" of the "unbeliever," i.e., the devil: so that the meaning would be (with a bitter irony, especially if we compare the end of the last chapter, where "the Evil One" is said to "procure" these marriages, so far is he from "condemning" them): "Forsooth, they" (i.e., the Christian women) "will deny that a formal warning has been given they by the lord:" (of the unbelievers, i.e., the Evil One) "through an apostle of his!" IF the other interpretation be correct, the reference will be to c. ii. above.
56 Matt. xix. 23, 24; Mark x. 23, 24; Luke xviii. 24, 25; 1 Cor. i. 26, 27.
57 Matt. v. 3; but Tertullian has omitted "spiritu," which he inserts in de Pa., c. xi., where he refers to the same passage. In Luke vi. 20 there is no tw pneumati.
59 Invecta. Comp. de Pa., c. xiii. ad init.
61 Comp. de Or., c. v. ad fin.; de Pa., c. ix. ad fin.; ad Ux., i. c. v. ad init.
62 Gen. ii. 24; Matt. xix. 5; Mark x. i; Eph. v. 31.
68 Eccl. Hist., Book III. cap. xxx.
69 Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., second edition, enlarged, 1884.
1 [Written, possibly, circa a.d. 204.]
2 Comp. c. iii. and the references there.
4 Comp. 1 Cor. xi. 7, where the Greek is eikwn kai doca.
6 Comp. 1 Cor. vii. 5; and ad Ux., b. i. c. vi.
7 Comp. ad Ux., b. i. c. viii.
10 Job i. 21 (on LXX. and Vulg.).
11 Adulari. Comp. de Paen., c. vi. sub init.; ad Ux., b. i. c. iv. ad init.
13 i.e., eternal life: as in de Bapt., c. ii.; ad Ux., b. i. c. vii. ad init.
20 Or, "to be a believer;" ver. 25.
23 Or, "but no plurality of wives."
29 Repastinationis. Comp. de Cult. Fem., l. ii. c. ix., repastinantes.
31 Ex. xxi. 24; Lev. xxiv. 20; Deut. xix. 21; Matt. v. 38.
32 See Rom. xii. 17; Matt. v. 39; 1 Thess. v. 16.
33 I cannot find any such passage. Oehler refers to Lev. xxi. 14, but neither the Septuagint nor the Vulgate has any such prohibition there.
34 Matt. v. 17, very often referred to by Tertullian.
35 Comp. 1 Tim. iii. 1, 2; Tit. i. 5, 6; and Ellicott's Commentary.
38 See Hab. ii. 4; Rom. i. 17; Gal. iii. 11; Heb. x. 38.
39 Rom. ii. 13; Eph. vi. 9; Col. iii. 25; 1 Pet. i. 17; Deut. x. 17.
45 Sibi, "themselves," i.e., mutually. See 1 Cor. vii. 32-35.
46 Matt. v. 28. See de Idol., cc. ii. xxiii.; de Paen., c. iii.; de Cult. Fem., l. ii. c. ii.; de Pa., c. vi.
47 But compare, or rather, contrast, herewith, ad Ux., l. i. cc. ii. iii.
48 Comp. ad Ux., l. i. c. viii.; c. i. above; and de Virg. Vel., c. x.
49 Comp. ad Ux., l. i. c. v. ad fin.
50 Dimisisti, al. amisisti = "you have lost."
51 Or, "amass" - negotiaberis. See Luke xix. 15.
56 See Lev. xi. 44, 45, xix. 2, xx. 7, LXX. and Vulg.
57 See Ps. xviii. 25, 26, esp. in Vulg. and LXX., where it is xvii. 26, 27.
58 See Eph. iv. 1; Col. i. 10; 1 Thess. ii. 12.
59 See Rom. viii. 5, 6, esp. in Vulg.
60 A Marcionite prophetess, also called Priscilla.
61 Comp. herewith, ad Ux., l. i. c. iv.
63 Comp. 2 Tim. ii. 3, 4; Heb. ii. 10.
64 Or "age" - saeculo. Comp. Ps. xxxix. 12 (in LXX. xxxviii. 13, as in Vulg.) and Heb. xi. 13.
65 Comp. Matt. vi. 34; Jas. iv. 13-15.
67 Aegium (Jos. Scaliger, in Oehler).
68 But Tertullian overlooks the fact that both Ovid and Virgil represent her as more than willing to marry Aeneas. [Why should he note the fables of poets? This testimony of a Carthaginian is historic evidence of the fact.]
69 Comp. Matt. xxii. 29, 30; Mark xii. 24, 25; Luke xx. 34-36.
70 Chap. Vi. Vol. iii. P. 672, this series.
71 Hooker, Eccl. Polity, b. iii. Cap. i. 14.
1 [Written against orthodoxy, say circa a.d. 208. But see Elucidation I.].
3 In aevum; eij ton aiwna (LXX.); in aeternum (Vulg.).
5 Comp. 1 Cor. xi. 2; 2 Thess. ii. 15, iii. 6. Comp. the Gr. text and the Vulg. in locis.
7 John xvi. 12, 13. Tertullian's rendering is not verbatim.
9 See Matt. xix. 12. Comp. de. Pa., c. xiii.; de. Cult. Fem., l. ii. c. ix.
10 See 1 Cor. vii. 1, 7, 37, 40; and comp. de Ex. Cast., c. iv.
13 Comp. ad Ux., l. i. c. iii.; de Cult. Fem., l. ii. c. x. sub fin.; and de Ex. Cast., c. iii., which agrees nearly verbatim with what follows.
14 1 Cor. vii. 7, only the Greek is qelw, not boulomai.
17 There is no such passage in any Epistle of St. John. There is one similar in 1 Pet. i. 15.
22 Septuagies. See Gen. iv. 19-24.
23 Comp. Gen. vii. 7 with 1 Pet. iii. 20 ad fin.
27 Eph. i. 9, 10. The Latin of Tertullian deserves careful comparison with the original Greek of St. Paul.
31 1 Cor. iv. 15, where it is dia tou euaggeliou.
33 This is an error. Comp. Gen. xvi. with Gen. xvii.
34 See Gal. iii. iv. and comp. Rom. iv.
36 See Rom. iv. 11, 12, Gal. iii. 7; and comp. Matt. iii. 9; Joh viii. 39.
39 See Ps. xxxvii. 27 (in LXX. xxxvi. 27); 1 Pet. iii. 11; 3 John 11.
40 Dei de proximo arbitrum. See Num. xii. 6-8; Deut. xxxiv. 10.
45 See Matt. xxii. 23-33; Mark xii. 18-27; Luke xx. 26-38. Comp. ad Ux., l. i.
46 Gen. i. 28. Comp. de Ex. Cast., c. vi.
47 See Ex. xx. 5; and therefore there must be sons begotten from whom to exact them.
49 See Jer. xxxi. 29, 30 (in LXX. xxxviii. 29, 30); Ezek. xviii. 1-4.
50 Matt. xix. 12, often quoted.
53 "Adimit;" but the two mss. extant of this treatise read "admittit" = admits.
54 Lev. xx. 21, not exactly given.
55 Lev. xxii. 13, where there is no command to her to return, in the Eng. ver.: in the LXX. there is.
57 Summus sacerdos et magnus patris. But Oehler notices a conjecture of Jos. Scaliger, "agnus patris," when we must unite "the High Priest and Lamb of the Father."
58 De suo. Comp. de Bapt., c. xvii., ad fin.; de Cult. Fem., l. i. c. v., . ii. c. ix.; de Ex. Cast., c. iii. med.; and for the ref. see Rev. iii. 18.
59 Gal. iii. 27; where it is eij Xriston, however.
61 Matt. viii. 21, 22; Luke ix. 59, 60.
63 See Matt. xi. 9; Luke vii. 26.
65 See Matt. xvi. 13-19. Comp. de Pu., c. xxi.
67 See Luke viii. 1-3; Matt. xxvii. 55, 56.
69 See Matt. xviii. 1-4, xix. 13-15; Mark x. 13-15.
70 Alios post nuptias pueros. The reference seems to be to Matt. xix. 12.
72 See Matt. xvii. 1-8; Mark ix. 2-9; Luke ix. 28-36.
74 See Matt. xi. 19; Luke vii. 34.
76 See Matt. xix. 3-8, where, however, Tertullian's order is reversed. Comp. with this chapter, c. v. above.
77 See Matt. x. 29. Comp. de Ex. Cast., c. i. ad fin.
79 Gen. ii. 23, in reversed order again.
81 Comp. Matt. xix. 8; Mark x. 5.
82 See Matt. xxii. 30; Mark xii. 25; Luke xx. 35, 36.
86 See Matt. v. 42; Luke vi. 30. Comp. de Bapt., c. xviii.
87 1 Cor. vii. 39, not rendered with very strict accuracy.
90 Comp. 1 Cor. iii. 2 with Heb. v. 11-14.
92 See 1 Tim. iii. 1-7; Tit. i. 6-9.
94 Rom. vii. 2, 3, not exactly rendered.
95 Comp. the marginal reading in the Eng. ver., Rom. vii. 6.
96 Comp. Eph. i. 23, and the references there.
97 Acts xvi. 3; see Gal. iii. iv.
104 See Matt. xix. 16-26; Mark x. 17-27; Luke xviii. 18-27.
105 See Deut. xxx. 1, 15, 19, and xi. 26. See, too, de Ex. Cast., c. ii.
107 See Matt. xxiv. 13, and the references there.
110 Matt. xxiv. 19; Luke xxi. 23. Comp. ad Ux., l. i. c. v.
111 Concussione. Comp. Hag. ii. 6, 7; Heb. xii. 26, 27.
115 Comp. ad Ux., l. i. cc. vi. vii.; and de Ex. Cast., c. xiii.
116 See Rom. xiii. 14; Gal. iii. 27.
118 Comp. 1 Cor. xv. 22, en tw Adam.
122 Comp. Bacon, Essays, No. viii., Of Marriage and Single Life.
123 Comp. Ex. Cast., cap. viii. p. 55, supra, with the Monogam., cap. viii. p. 65, supra.
124 Comp. Apparel of Women, ii. cap. ix. p. 23, supra.
1 [Written not earlier than a.d. 208; probably very much later. See Bp. Kaye's very important remarks on this treatise, p. 224.]
2 Comp. 2 Tim. iii. 1-5; Matt. xxiv. 12.
7 [This is irony; a heathen epithet applied to Victor (or his successor), ironically, because he seemed ambitious of superiority over other bishops.]
8 Zephyrinus (de Genoude): Zephyrinus or (his predecessor) Victor. J. B. Lightfoot, Ep. ad Phil., 221, 222, ed. 1, 1868. [See also Robertson, Ch. Hist., p. 121. S.]
9 Matt. xxi. 13; Mark xi. 17; Luke xix. 46; Jer. vii. 11.
11 1 Cor. xiii. 11, one clause omitted.
12 Comp. Gal. i. 14 with 2 Thess. ii. 15.
14 1 Cor. vii. 9, repeatedly quoted.
15 See Matt. xix. 17; Mark x. 18; Luke xviii. 19.
17 Hos. vi. 6; Mic. vi. 8; Matt. ix. 13, xii. 7.
18 Ezek. xviii. 23, 32, xxxiii. 11.
23 Comp. Matt. x. 8; but the reference seems to be to Eph. iv. 32, where the Vulgate reads almost as Tertullian does, "donantes invicem, sicut et Deus in Christo donavit vobis."
28 Comp. Isa. xlv. 21; Rom. iii. 26.
29 Comp. Job v. 18; Deut. xxxii. 39.
31 Jer. xiv. 11, 12, vii. 16, xi. 14.
34 Comp. Ex. xx. 5, xxxiv. 14; Deut. iv. 24, v. 9, vi. 15; Josh. xxiv. 19; Nahum i. 2.
36 Comp. Rom. xv. 5; Ps. vii. 12 (in LXX.).
39 Comp. Matt. x. 28; Luke xii. 4, 5.
41 Or rather incest, as appears by 1 Cor. v. 1.
46 1 John v. 16, not quite verbatim.
48 Job xxxii. 21; Lev. xix. 15, and the references there.
51 There is no passage, so far as I am aware, in Isaiah containing this distinct assertion. We have almost the exact words in Rev. xxi. 4. The reference may be to Isa. xlii. 9; but there the Eng. ver. reads, "are come to pass," and the LXX. have ta ap arxhj idou hkasi.
54 Comp. Matt. xi. 13; Luke xvi. 16.
59 Ps. xix. 7: "perfect," Eng. ver. In LXX. it is xviii. 8.
60 Rom. vii. 12, not literally.
64 See 1 Kings xxi. (in LXX. 3 Kings xx).
68 See Hos. i. 2, 3, iii. 1-3.
69 See Num. xxv. 1-9; 1 Cor. x. 8.
70 See Gen. iii. 6; and comp. 1 John ii. 16.
79 Comp. 1 Cor. vi. 20, and the references there.
86 Comp. Ps. cxix. 105 (in LXX. cxviii. 105).
87 Comp. 1 John i. 5-7, ii. 8; also Rom. xiii. 12, 13; 1 Thess. v. 4, 5.
89 See Ex. iv. 22; Rom. ix. 4.
94 See Ps. lxxviii. 30, 31 (in LXX. it is lxxvii. 30, 31).
95 Or "age" - saeculi. Comp. 1 Cor. ii. 6.
97 Comp. Rom. ix. 10-13; Gen. xxv. 21-24.
99 Oehler refers to Deut. xxiii. 19; but the ref. is not satisfactory.
100 Extraneum. Comp. such phrases as "strange children," Ps. cxliv. 7, 11 (cxliii. 7, 11, in LXX.), and Hos. v. 7; "strange gods," etc.
101 See Luke v. 1, 2; Matt. ix. 10, 11, xi. 19; Mark ii. 15, 16; Luke v. 29, 30.
103 Saeculi. Comp. 1 Cor. ii. 8; 2 Cor. iv. 4.
104 Besides the reference to Luke xv. 23, there may be a reference to Heb. vi. 6.
107 Matt. ix. 12; Mark ix. 17; Luke v. 21.
111 See Matt. viii. 30-34; Mark v. 11-14; Luke viii. 32, 33.
112 Comp. 1 Pet. iii. 21; and Hooker, Eccl. Pol., v. 63. 3.
118 i.e., the "Shepherd" of Hermas. See de Or., c. xvi.
121 Comp. Matt. xxvi. 28, Mark xiv. 24, Luke xxii. 21, with Heb. ix. 11-20.
123 See Acts xv. 30 and xvi. 4.
133 2 Cor. xii. 9, not very exactly rendered.
134 Aevo. Comp. Matt. xii. 32.
136 1 Cor. v. 6, where Tertullian appears to have used doloi, not zumoi.
137 Comp. 2 Thess. iii. 6, 11.
138 1 Cor. i. 14, 15; but the Greek is, eij to emon onoma.
143 1 Cor. iv. 8, inaccurately.
144 1 Cor. viii. 2, inaccurately.
146 1 Cor. iv. 7, with some words omitted.
148 1 Cor. viii. 7, 12, inaccurately.
151 Comp. Rom. i. 1, and the beginnings of his Epp. passim.
156 Comp. Rev. i. 20, ii. 1, 8, 12, 18, iii. 1, 7, 14.
160 2 Cor. vii. 1, not accurately given.
161 2 Cor. xii. 21, again inexactly given.
162 1 Cor. iii. 16, inexactly.
163 Ver. 17, not quite correctly.
174 Comp. 1 Pet. i. 19; and c. vi. above, ad fin.
175 1 Cor. vi. 19, 20, not exactly.
180 1 Cor. vii. 26-28, constantly quoted in previous treatises.
187 1 Thess. ii. 3, omitting the last clause.
193 This exact expression does not occur; but comp. 2 Cor. iii. 6.
194 Comp. the last reference and Rom. viii. 2.
195 Rom. viii. 2, omitting en Xristw Ihsou, and substituting (unless it be a misprint) "te" for me.
202 As he did to the Galatians: see Gal. v. 19-21.
203 Eph. ii. 3, briefly, and not literally.
208 Vers. 5, 6, not accurately.
211 Comp. Acts xvi. 1-3 with Gal. v. 2-6, and similar passages.
213 Isa. lii. 11, quoted in 2 Cor. vi. 17.
215 i.e., the voice of this "blessed man," this true "Asher."
216 Ps. xxvi. 4, 5 (in LXX. xxv. 4, 5).
217 Ps. xxvi. (xxv. in LXX.) 6, not quite exactly.
218 Ps. xviii. 25, 26 (in LXX. Ps. xviii. 26, 27), nearly.
219 Ps. l. (xlix. in LXX.) 16, 18.
228 Comp. Ezek. xxxiii. 11, etc.; and see cc. ii., xxii.
231 See cc. iii. and xi., above.
232 Or, "saith and teacheth that she is a prophet."
235 i.e., of heathen and heretic.
236 See the end of the foregoing chapter.
247 Iniquitas; anomia = "lawlessness."
252 1 John v. 16. But Tertullian has rendered aitein and erwtan by the one word postulare. See Trench, N. T. Synonyms, pp. 169-173. ed. 4, 1858.
253 So Oehler; but it appears that a "non" must have been omitted.
255 1 Cor. ix. 6; but our copies read, tou mh ergazesqai.
258 See Lev. xiii. 12-14 (in LXX.).
262 Comp. Matt. iii. 9; Luke iii. 8.
266 Eph. v. 11. See ch. xviii. above.
268 Comp. Ps. li. 4 (in LXX. Ps. l. 6).
270 Comp. Acts ix. 36-43, xx. 9-12.
271 Comp. Acts iii. 1-11, v. 13-16.
274 Comp. 2 Sam. xii. 1-14, etc.
275 Kaye suggests "apostolica et prophetica" - "apostolic and prophetic evidences;" which is very probable.
279 Matt. xvi. 19 ad init., incorrectly.
299 On Prayer, vol. iii. cap. xvi. p. 686, supra, where he speaks respectfully.
300 Vol. ii. p. 22 (also p. 43), this series.
1 [Written, say, circa a.d. 208.]
3 [Which is a note of time, not unimportant.]
5 Matt. ix. 14, 15; Mark ii. 18-20; Luke v. 33-35.
10 So Oehler punctuates. The reference is to 1 Tim. iv. 1, 2.
11 See Gal. iv. 10; the words kai kairouj Tertullian omits.
13 See Matt. xv. 11; Mark vii. 15.
14 Matt. xi. 19; Luke vii. 34.
17 Comp. Matt. xxii. 37-40, and the parallel passages.
19 Comp. Eph. v. 32 with Gen. ii. 23, 24.
21 The references is to Ps. li. 17 (in LXX. Ps. l. 19).
23 See Gen. ix. 2-5 (in LXX.).
26 Comp. Ps. cxxxvi. 12 (in LXX. cxxxv. 12).
29 Comp. Num. xx. 1-12 with Ps. cvi. 31-33 (in LXX. cv. 31-33).
31 See Ps. lxxviii. 25 (in LXX. lxxvii. 25).
32 Comp. 1 Cor. x. 7 with Ex. xxxii. 6.
35 Comp. Eccles. vi. 7; Prov. xvi. 26. (The LXX. render the latter quotation very differently from the Eng. ver. or the Vulg.)
36 See Isa. vi. 10; John xii. 40; Acts xxviii. 26, 27.
38 See Deut. viii. 3; Matt. iv. 4; Luke iv. 4.
39 See Ps. lxxxvi. 4 (in LXX. lxxxv. 4); Lam. iii. 41 (in LXX. iii. 40).
40 Twice over. See Ex. xxiv. 18 and xxxiv. 28; Deut. ix. 11, 25.
41 See Ex. xxxiii. 18, 19, with xxxiv. 4-9, 29-35.
42 See Matt. xvii. 1-13; Mark ix. 1-13; Luke ix. 28-36.
44 See 1 Kings xvii. 1 (in LXX. 3 Kings ib.).
45 See 1 Kings xix. 1-8. But he took two meals: see vers. 6, 7, 8.
48 Comp. Matt. xvii. 4; Mark ix. 5; Luke ix. 33.
49 See Ps. xl. 28 in LXX. In E. V., "fainteth not."
51 See 2 Kings xviii. xix.; 2 Chron. xxxii.; Isa. xxxvi. xxxvii.
52 See Jonah iii. Comp. de Pa., c. x.
53 See Ezek. xvi. 49; Matt. xi. 23, 24; Luke x. 12-14.
54 See 1 Kings xxi. (in the LXX. it is 3 Kings xx).
55 See 1 Sam. i. 1, 2, 7-20, iii. 20 (in LXX. 1 Kings).
57 See Bel and the Dragon (in LXX.) vers. 31-39. "Pitiable" appears to be Tertullian's rendering of what in the E. V. is rendered "greatly beloved." Rig. (in Oehler) renders: "of how great compassion thou hast attained the favour;" but surely that overlooks the fact that the Latin is "miserabilis es," not "sis."
58 See Luke ii. 36-38. See de Monog., c. viii.
59 Matt. iv. 12; Luke iv. 1, 2; comp. de Bapt., c. xx.
60 See Matt. iv. 3; Luke iv. 3.
62 Comp. Eph. iv. 22, 23; and, for the meaning of sugillationem ("severe handling"), comp. 1 Cor. ix. 27, where St. Paul's word upwpiazw (= "I smite under the eye," Eng. ver. "I keep under") is perhaps exactly equivalent in meaning.
64 See Matt. xvii. 21; Mark ix. 29.
65 See Acts x. 44-46, 1-4 and 30.
69 See 1 Kings xvii. (in LXX. 3 Kings xvii.) 1-6.
71 See Ps. cii. (in LXX. ci.) 9.
72 1 Sam. (in LXX. 1 Kings) i. 11.
79 The reference is to Eph. vi. 18; Col. iv. 2; 1 Thess. v. 17; Luke xviii. 1.
83 See Matt. xxvii. 45-54; Mark xvi. 33-39; Luke xxiii. 44-47.
86 See 1 Sam. (in LXX. 1 Kings) xiv. 24-25.
87 See Dan. ix. 1, 3, 4, 20, 21.
90 See 1 John ii. 18, 29; 2 John 7-10.
92 See the Vulg. iv. 1, 2; 2 Tim. iii. 1; and comp. therewith the Greek in both places.
94 Ps. cxxxiii. (in LXX. and Vulg. cxxxii.).
96 Comp. 1 Cor. v. 3; Col. ii. 5.
98 Comp. Luke xxii. 20; 2 Cor. v. 17, etc.
100 Comp. Matt. xiii. 52 ad fin.
104 Comp. Luke vi. 21 and 25, and Matt. v. 6.
108 See Hor., Od., i. 1, 12, and Macleane's note there.
109 See Isa. lviii. 3, 4, 5, briefly, and more like the LXX. than the Vulg. or the Eng. ver.
110 See Ps. li. (l. in LXX. and Vulg.) 18, 19; see c. iii. above.
111 This seems an oversight; see 1 Sam. (in LXX. and Vulg. 1 Kings) iv. 13.
114 See 1 Kings (in LXX. and Vulg. 3 Kings) xiii.
117 Comp. Gen. xxiii. 2, 3, 4, 31, and xxv. 27-34.
120 Isa. xxii. 13; 1 Cor. xv. 32.
123 Matt. vii. 13, 14; Luke xiii. 24.
124 Mundi: cf. kosmokratoraj, Eph. vi. 12.
125 II. cap. 10, p. 23, supra.
129 Cap. 14. See De Orat., cap. 19, p. 687.
130 The Xerophagiae, cap. 2, p. 103.
131 Scientific Culture, by J. P. Cooke, professor of chemistry, etc. New York, 1884.
132 This is ambiguous, but I merely note it. Heb. iv. 15.
1 [Written, say, circa a.d. 208.]
12 2 Tim. i. 15; see 1 Tim. i. 20.
25 Mark viii. 38; Luke ix. 26.
47 Rom. viii. 32; Gal. iii. 13.
53 Stephanas is perhaps intended. - Tr.
61 See what Gibbon can say to minimize the matter (in cap. xvi. 4, vol. ii. p. 45, New York).
65 In his disgraceful chap. xvi.
1 These two lines, if this be their true sense, seem to refer to Lot's wife. But the grammar and meaning of this introduction are alike obscure.
2 "Metus;" used, as in other places, of godly fear.
3 Lit. "from," i.e., which, urged by a heart which is that of a saint, even though on this occasion it failed, the prophet dared.
5 "Tarshish," Eng. ver.; perhaps Tartessus in Spain. For this question, and the "trustiness" of Joppa (now Jaffa) as a port, see Pusey on Jonah i. 3.
8 Genitus (Oehler); geminus (Migne) = "twin clamour," which is not inapt.
9 Mandare (Oehler). If this be the true reading, the rendering in the text seems to represent the meaning; for "mandare" with an accusative, in the sense of "to bid the tardy coils tighten the girth's noose," seems almost too gross a solecism for even so lax a Latinist as our present writer. Migne, however, reads mundare-to "clear" the tardy coils, i.e., probably from the wash and weed with which the gale was cloying them.
10 Tunc Domini vates ingesta Spiritus infit. Of course it is a gross offence against quantity to make a genitive in "us" short, as the rendering in the text does. But a writer who makes the first syllable in "clamor" and the last syllable of gerunds in do short, would scarcely be likely to hesitate about taking similar liberties with a genitive of the so-called fourth declension. It is possible, it is true, to take "vates" and "Spiritus" as in apposition, and render, "Then the seer-Spirit of the Lord begins to utter words inspired," or "Then the seer-Spirit begins to utter the promptings of the Lord." But these renderings seem to accord less well with the ensuing words.
12 i.e., apparently with shells which had gathered about him as he lay in the deep.
13 This seems to be the sense of Oehler's "Nauta at tum Domino leti venerando timorem Sacrificat grates"-"grates" being in apposition with "timorem." But Migne reads: "Nautaelig; tum Domino laeti venerando timorem Sacrificant grates:"-
"The sailors then do to the reverend Lord
Gladly make grateful sacrifice of fear:"and I do not see that Oehler's reading is much better.
14 Comp. Matt. xii. 38-41; Luke xi. 29,30.
15 These words are not in the original, but are inserted (I confess) to fill up the line, and avoid ending with an incomplete verse. If, however, any one is curious enough to compare the translation, with all its defects, with the Latin, he may be somewhat surprised to find how very little alteration or adaptation is necessary in turning verse into verse.
2 See Gen. ix. 21, 22, x. 8-17.
4 The expression, "sinners against their own souls," in Num. xvi. 38 - where, however, the LXX. have a very different version - may be compared with this; as likewise Prov. viii. 36.
5 Whether the above be the sense of this most obscure triplet I will not presume to determine. It is at least (I hope) intelligible sense. But that the reader may judge for himself whether he can offer any better, I sugjoin the lines, which form a sentence alone, and therefore can be judged of without their context: -"Tempore sed certo Deus omnia prospectulatus,Judicat injustos, patiens ubi criminis aetasCessandi spatium vis nulla coëgerit irae."
6 Comp. Heb. i. 14. It may be as well here to inform the reader once for that prosody as well as syntax is repeatedly set at defiance in these metrical fragments; and hence, of course, arise some of the chief difficulties in dealing with them.
7 "Divinos;" i.e., apparently "superhuman," as everything heavenly is.
8 Of hospitality - bread and salt, etc.
9 "Mensa;" but perhaps "mensae" may be suggested - "the sacred pledges of the board."
10 "Dispungit," which is the only verb in the sentence, and refers both to pia pignora and to amicos. I use "quit" in the sense in which we speak of "quitting a debtor," i.e., giving him his full due; but the two lines are very hard, and present (as in the case of those before quoted) a jumble of words without grammar; "pia pignora mensa Officiisque probis studio dispungit amicos;" which may be somewhat more literally rendered than in our text, thus: "he zealously discharges" (i.e., fulfils) "his sacred pledges" (i.e., the promised hospitality which he had offered them) "with (a generous) board, and discharges" (i.e., fulfils his obligations to) "his friends with honourable courtesies."
11 Altera = alterna. But the statement differs from Gen. xix. 4.
12 "Istam juventam," i.e., the two "juvenes" (ver. 31) within.
13 "Fas" = osion, morally right; distinct from "jus" or "licitum."
14 i.e., Lot's race or family, which had come from "Ur of the Chaldees." See Gen. xi. 26, 27, 28.
15 I use "preventing" in its now unusual sense of "anticipating the arrival of."
16 Shgwr in the LXX., "Zoar" in Eng. ver.
17 "Simul exoritur sol." But both the LXX. and the Eng. ver. say the sun was risen when Lot entered the city.
18 So Oehler and Migne. But perhaps we may alter the pointing slightly, and read: -
"Down pours a novel shower, sulphur mixt
With blazing flames: the ether seethes: the air
Crackles with liquid exust."
19 The story of Phaëthon and his fate is told in Ov., Met., ii. 1-399, which may be compared with the present piece. His two sisters were transformed into white poplars, according to some; alders, according to others. See Virg., Aen., x. 190 sqq., Ec., vi. 62 sqq. His hal-brother (Cycnus or Cygnus) was turned into a swan: and the scene of these transformations is laid by Ovid on the banks of the Eridanus (the Po). But the fable is variously told; and it has been suggested that the groundwork of it is to be found rather in the still-standing of the sun recorded in Joshua.
20 i.e., as she had been before in the case of Eve. See Gen. iii. 1 sqq.
21 I have hazarded the bold conjecture - which I see others (Pamelius at all events) had hazarded before me - that "feritas" is used by our author as - "fertilitas." The word, of course, is very incorrectly formed etymologically; but etymology is not our author's forte apparently. It will also be seen that there is seemingly a gap at this point, or else some enormous mistake, in the mss. An attempt has been made (see Migne) to correct it, but not a very satisfactory one. For the common reading, which gives two lines,
"Occidit illa prior feritas, quam prospiciens Loth
Nullus arat frustra piceas fuligine glebas,"which are evidently entirely unconnected with one another, it is proposed to read,
"Occidit illa prior feritas, quam prospiciens Loth,
Deseruisse pii fertur commercia fratris.
Nullas arat," etc.This use of "fratris" in a wide sense may be justified from Gen. xiii. 8 (to which passage, with its immediate context, there seems to be a reference, whether we adopt the proposed correction or no), and similar passages in Holy Writ. But the transition is still abrupt to the "nullus arat," etc.; and I prefer to leave the passage as it is, without attempting to supply the hiatus.
22 This use of "easely" as a dissyllable is justifiable from Spenser.
23 This seems to be the sense, but the Latin is somewhat strange: "morsest maris illa quieti," i.e., illa (quies) maris quieti mors est. The opening lines of "Jonah" (above) should be compared with this passage and its context.
24 Inque picem dat terrae haerere marinam.
25 "Pressum" (Oehler); "pretium" (Migne): "it will yield a prize, namely, that," etc.
27 Oehler's pointing is disregarded.
28 "De caelo jura tueri;" possibly "to look for laws from heaven."
3 Immensus. See note on the word in the fragment "Concerning the Cursing of the Heathen's Gods."
6 "Errantia;" so called, probably, either because they appear to move as ships pass them, or because they may be said to "wander" by reason of the constant change which they undergo from the action of the sea, and because of the shifting nature of their sands.
8 "God called the dry land Earth:" Gen. i. 10.
9 i.e., "together with;" it begets both sun and moon.
15 As (see above, l. 31) He had all other things.
16 SeeGen. iii. 20, with the LXX., and the marg. in the Eng. ver.
18 The "gladsome court" - "laeta aula" - seems to mean Eden, in which the garden is said to have been planted. See Gen. ii. 8.
19 i.e., eastward. See the last reference.
21 Terit. So Job (xiv. 19), "The waters wear the stones."
22 "Onyx," Eng. ver. See the following piece, l. 277.
23 "Bdellium," Eng. Ver.; anqrac, LXX.
24 Comp. Ps. xxix. 3, especially in "Great Bible" (xxviii. 3 in LXX.)
27 "Numquid poma Deus non omnia nota sacravit?"
29 The writer, supposing it to be night (see 88, 89), seems to mean that the serpent hinted that the fruit would instantly dispel night and restore day. Compare the ensuing lines.
32 "Servitiumque sui studio perferre mariti;" or, perhaps, "and drudge in patience at her husband's beck."
33 "Sententia:" her sentence, or opinion, as to the fruit and its effects.
"That with heart-weariness and mournful breast
Full many sighs may furnish anxious food."
35 The writer makes "cherubim" - or "cherubin" - singular. I have therefore retained his mistake. What the "hot point" - "calidus apex" - is, is not clear. It may be an allusion the "flaming sword" (see Gen. iii. 24); or it may mean the top of the flame.
36 Or, "origins" - "orsis" - because Cain and Abel were original types, as it were, of two separate classes of men.
37 "Perpetuo;" "in process of time," Eng. ver.; meq hmeraj, LXX. in Gen. iv. 3.
38 Quae porsata fuerant. But, as Wordsworth remarks on Gen. iv., we do not read that Caïn's offerings were first-fruits even.
39 Quod propter gelida Cain incanduit ira. If this, which is Oehler's and Migne's reading, be correct, the words gelida and incanduit seem to be intentionally contrasted, unless incandescere be used here in a supposed sense of "growing white," "turning pale." Urere is used in Latin of heat and cold indifferently. Calida would, of course, be a ready emendation; but gelida has the advantage of being far more startling.
1 The reader is requested to bear in mind, in reading this piece, tedious in its elaborate struggles after effect, that the constant repetitions of words and expressions with which his patience will be tried, are due to the original. It was irksome to reproduce them; but fidelity is a translator's first law.
3 Helicon is not named in the original, but it seems to be meant.
4 i.e., in another clime or continent. The writer is (or feigns to be) an African. Helicon, of course, is in Europe.
9 I have endeavoured to give some intelligible sense to these lines; but the absence of syntax in the original, as it now stands, makes it necessary to guess at the meaning as best one may.
11 "But in them nature's copy's not eterne." - Shakespeare, Macbeth, act iii. scene 2.
14 Sermone tenus: i.e., the exertion (so to speak) needed to do such mighty works only extended to the uttering of a speech; no more was requisite. See for a similar allusion to the contrast between the making of other things and the making of man, the Genesis, 30-39.
16 i.e., from the solid mass of earth. See Gen. i. 9, 10.
"Immemor ille Dei temere committere tale!
Non ultra monitum quidquam contingeret."Whether I have hit the sense here I know not. In this and in other passages I have punctuated for myself.
21 These lines, again, are but a guess at the meaning of the original, which is as obscure as defiance of grammar can well make it. The sense seems to be, in brief, that while the vast majority are, immediately on their death, shut up in Hades to await the "decreed age," i.e., the day of judgment, some, like the children raised by Elijah and Elisha, the man who revived on touching Elisha's bones, and the like, are raised to die again. Lower down it will be seen that the writer believes that the saints who came out of their graves after our Lord's resurrection (see Matt. xxvii. 51-54) did not die again.
22 Cf. Ps. xlix. 14 (xlviii. 15 in LXX.).
23 i.e., the dust into which our bodies turn.
24 i.e., the surface or ridge of the furrows.
26 "Some thirty-fold, some sixty-fold, some an hundred-fold." See the parable of the sower.
30 Virtutibus. Perhaps the allusion is to Eph. ii. 2, Matt. xxiv. 29, Luke xxi. 26.
32 Vel quanta est. If this be the right sense, the words are probably inserted, because the conflagration of "the earth and the works that are therein" predicted in 2 Pet. iii. 10, and referred to lower down in this piece, is supposed to have begun, and thud the "depths" of the earth are supposed to be already diminishing.
33 I have ventured to alter one letter of the Latin; and for "quos reddere jussa docebit," read "quos reddere jussa dolebit." If the common reading be retained, the only possible meaning seems to be "whom she will teach to render (to God) His commands," i.e., to render obedience to them; or else, "to render (to God) what they are bidden to render," i.e., an account of themselves; and earth, as their mother, giving them birth our of her womb, is said to teach them to do this. But the emendation, which is at all events simple, seems to give a better sense: "being bidden to render the dead, whom she is keeping, up, earth will grieve at the throes it causes her, but will do it."
36 This passage is imitated from Virgil, Aen., vi. 305 sqq.; Georg., iv. 475 sqq.
37 i.e., "the king." The "Atridae" of Homer are referred to, - Agamemnon "king of men," and Menelaus.
39 Insigni. The allusion seems to be to Ezek. ix. 4, 6, Rev. vii.3 et seqq. xx. 3, 4, and to the inscribed mitre of the Jewish high priest, see Ex. xxviii. 36, xxxix. 30.
40 I have corrected "his" for "hic." If the latter be retained, it would seem to mean "hereon."
41 Cardine, i.e., the hinge as it were upon which the sun turns in his course.
43 Or, "there." The question is, whether a different tree is meant, or the rose just spoken of.
44 This seems to be marshmallows.
45 Here again it is plain that the writer is drawing his description from what we read of the garden of Eden.