1 See Matt. vi. 12.
2 See Book ii. ch. 50.
1 This is probably an allusion to the Donatists, who were then fiercely assailing the Catholics; [and over the conference between whom and the Catholics, Marcellinus had presided the previous year (411).-W.]
2 [Flavius Marcellinus, a "tribune and notary," a Christian man of high character and devout mind, who was much interested in theological discussions. He was appointed by Honorius to preside over the commission of inquiry into the disputes between the Catholics and Donatists in 411, and held the famous conference between the parties, that met in Carthage on the 1st, 3d, and 8th of June, 411. He discharged this whole business with singular patience, moderation, and good judgment: which appears to have cemented the intimate friendship between him and Augustin. Augustin's treatise on The Spirit and Letter is also addressed to him, and he undertook the City of God on his suggestion. See below, p. 80.-W.]
3 Gen. ii. 17.
4 Matt. viii. 22; Luke ix. 60.
5 Gen. iii. 19.
6 1 Cor. xv. 52, 53.
7 2 Cor. v. 2-4.
8 Deut. xxix. 5.
9 Gen. v. 24; 2 Kings ii. 11.
10 1 Kings xix. 8.
11 [Flavius Marcellinus, a "tribune and notary," a Christian man of high character and devout mind, who was much interested in theological discussions. He was appointed by Honorius to preside over the commission of inquiry into the disputes between the Catholics and Donatists in 411, and held the famous conference between the parties, that met in Carthage on the 1st, 3d, and 8th of June, 411. He discharged this whole business with singular patience, moderation, and good judgment: which appears to have cemented the intimate friendship between him and Augustin. Augustin's treatise on The Spirit and Letter is also addressed to him, and he undertook the City of God on his suggestion. See below, p. 80.-W.]
12 Rom. viii. 10, 11.
13 Rom. viii. 10.
14 Rom. viii. 11.
15 1 Cor. xv. 44, 53, 55.
16 Rom. viii. 10.
17 Col. iii. 5.
18 Rom. viii. 10.
19 Rom. vii. 24.
20 Respiramus.
21 Rom. viii. 10.
22 Rom. viii. 11.
23 Rom. viii. 12, 13.
24 1 Cor. xv. 21.
25 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22.
26 Rom. v. 12.
27 Rom. v. 12.
28 1 John iii. 8.
29 Wisd. ii. 24.
30 Ver. 25.
31 1 Cor. xi. 1.
32 1Cor. iii. 7.
33 Rom. v. 12.
34 See below, Book iii c. vii.; also in the De Nuptiis, c. v.; also Epist 186. and Serm. 165.
35 1 Cor. vi. 17.
36 Gal. iii. 8: comp. Gen. xii. 3, xviii 18, xxii. 18.
37 Rom. v. 12.
38 This was the Pelagian term, expressive of their dogma that original sin stands in the following [or "imitation"] of Adam, instead of being the fault and corruption of the nature of every man who is naturally engendered of Adam's offspring; which doctrine is expressed by Augustin's word, propagatio, "propagation."
39 Rom. v. 13.
40 Rom. v. 20.
41 Gal. iii. 21, 22.
42 Rom. v. 13.
43 Rom. ii. 12.
44 Rom. v. 14.
45 Reatus peccati.
46 Rom. v. 14.
47 Rom. v. 14.
48 Comp. Epist. 157, n. 19. [Some few Greek copies have come down to us (e.g. 67**) which omit the "not," but no Latin copy (unless d* be an exception), although other Latin writers (e.g. Ambrosiaster) testify to their former existence.-W.]
49 Rom. v. 15.
50 See note to last word of ch. 11.
51 Rom. v. 16.
52 Rom. v. 17.
53 See above, ch. 9.
54 Rom. v. 18.
55 1 Cor. iv. 16; xi. 1.
56 Rom. iv. 5.
57 Sanctus sanctorum.
58 John xiv. 1.
59 Rom. v. 18.
60 The word is "all" in ver. 18.
61 See ver. 19.
62 Rom. v. 19.
63 Rom. v. 20.
64 Rom. v. 21.
65 Rom. v. 21.
66 Rom. v. 21.
67 See Augustin's Enchirid. c. 93, and Contra Julianum, v. 11.
68 Rom. v. 16.
69 Ver. 18.
70 Gen. iii. 10.
71 Gen. ii. 17.
72 Ecclus. xxv. 24.
73 Matt. xix. 5, 6.
74 See below, c. 26; also De Peccato orig. c. 19-24; also Serm. 294.
75 Lavacrum.
76 Tit. iii. 5.
77 Rom. viii. 24, 25.
78 Rom. v. 6.
79 Luke v. 31, 32.
80 Matt. xix. 14.
81 See below, c. 26 and 40; also Book iii. c. 2; also Epist. 98, and Serm. 294.
82 John iii. 3.
83 Ver. 5.
84 John vi. 53.
85 John vi. 51.
86 Generant et generantur; Luke xx. 34.
87 John iii. 35, 36.
88 Eph. ii. 3.
89 Rom. ix. 14.
90 Ps. xxxvi. 6.
91 Rom. xi. 32.
92 Rom. xi. 33-36.
93 Wisdom iv. 11.
94 Rom. ix. 14.
95 Jer. i. 5,
96 Rom. ix. 11, 12.
97 Rom. x. 14.
98 Luke xxiii. 43.
99 We here follow the reading cerriti; other readings are,-curati (with studied folly), cirrati (with effeminate foppery), and citrati (decking themselves with citrus leaves).
100 That is, "fools," from the Greek mwro/j.
101 John iii. 8.
102 1 Cor. i. 31.
103 John i. 29.
104 Luke ii. 11.
105 Tit. iii. 5.
106 1 Pet. iii. 21.
107 John vi. 51.
108 John vi. 51.
109 John vi. 53.
110 Job xiv. 4.
111 Ps. li. 5.
112 Matt. xxvi. 28
113 John xii. 46.
114 John i. 9.
115 1 Cor. xiv. 20.
116 John i. 9.
117 1 Cor. iii. 7.
118 John i. 9.
119 O [scil. to fw=j] fwti/zei pa/nta a_nqrwpon e0rxo/menon ei/j to\n ko/smon.
120 Wisd. viii. 19, 20.
121 John xii. 46.
122 Rom. x. 10.
123 Phil. ii. 8.
124 Luke v. 32.
125 Luke xix. 9, 10.
126 Luke xv. 4.
127 Luke xv. 8.
128 Luke xxiv. 46, 47.
129 Mark xvi. 15, 16.
130 John i. 29.
131 John x. 27, 28.
132 John xiv. 6.
133 1 Pet. i. 3-5.
134 1 Pet. i. 7-9.
135 1 Pet ii. 9.
136 1 Pet. iii. 18.
137 1 Pet. iii. 21.
138 1 John i. 7.
139 1 John v. 9-12.
140 1 John iii. 8.
141 Rom. x. 3.
142 [This is the reading of the Vulgate, as well as of the Greek; but Augustin, following an Old Latin reading, actually has propositum, instead of remissionem.-W.]
143 Rom. iii. 22-26.
144 Rom. iv. 4-8.
145 Rom. iv. 23-25.
146 Rom. v. 6.
147 Rom. vii. 14-25.
148 Rom. viii. 3.
149 1 Cor. xv. 3.
150 2 Cor. v. 14-21.
151 2 Cor. vi. 1, 2.
152 Gal. i. 3, 4.
153 Gal. iii. 19-22.
154 Eph. ii. 1-5.
155 Eph. ii. 8-10.
156 Eph. ii. 12-18.
157 Eph. iv. 21-24.
158 Eph. iv. 30.
159 Col. i. 12-14.
160 Exuens se carnem.
161 Col. ii. 10-15.
162 Humanus sermo.
163 1 Tim. i. 15, 16.
164 1 Tim. ii. 5, 6.
165 2 Tim. i. 8-10.
166 Tit. ii. 13, 14.
167 Tit. iii. 3-7.
168 Amongst the Latins, as Jerome tells us in more than one passage (see his Commentaries, on Isa. vi., viii.; on Zech. viii.; on Matt. xxvi.; also, in his Catal. Script. Eccles., c. xvi. [ad Paulum], and lxx. [ad Gaium], etc.). The Greeks, however, held that the epistle was the work of St. Paul. In his Epistle cxxix. [ad Dardanum] he thus writes: "We must admit that the epistle written to the Hebrews is regarded as the Apostle Paul's, not only by the churches of the East, but by all church writers who have from the beginning (retro) written in Greek."-Note of the Benedictine Editor. [See Augustin's City of God, xvi. 22 and Christian Doctrine, ii. (8), 13. The matter is fairly stated by Augustin, after whose day the Epistle was not doubted even in the West.-W.]
169 Heb. i. 1-3.
170 Heb. ii. 2, 3.
171 Heb. ii. 14, 15.
172 Heb. ii. 17.
173 Heb iv. 14, 15.
174 Heb vii. 24-27.
175 Heb ix. 24-28.
176 Rev. v. 9.
177 Acts iii. 14, 15.
178 Acts iv. 11, 12.
179 Acts v. 30, 31.
180 Acts x. 43.
181 Acts xiii. 38, 39.
182 See Luke xxiv. 44-47.
183 Acts x. 43.
184 Ps. xvi. 3.
185 Ps. xvi. 4.
186 Ps. xvi. 4.
187 Ps. cxix. 176.
188 Isa. liii. 6.
189 Acts viii. 30-37.
190 Isa. liii. 3-12.
191 See Luke iv. 16-21.
192 Isa. lxi. 1.
193 There seems to be here some omission.-Benedictine Note.
194 1 Pet. i. 5.
195 1 Cor. xv. 22.
196 Rom. v. 18.
197 Malè credentium.
198 Matt. xii. 30.
199 2 Thess. iii. 2.
200 Gen. iii. 6.
201 Luke i. 38.
202 [The editions, but apparently no Mss., add here the somewhat sententious words: "Voluntas ista, non voluptas illa, nuptialis est,"-which may, perhaps, be rendered: "Wedded desire is willingness, not wantonness."-W.]
203 1 Cor. vii. 38.
204 Matt. xviii. 4.
205 Luke i. 34, 38.
206 John iii. 3, 5.
207 John iii. 3.
208 John iii. 5.
209 Rom. vi. 6.
210 Num. xxi. 9.
211 John iii. 1-21.
212 John iii. 13.
213 Gen. ii. 24.
214 Mark x. 8.
215 John iii. 13.
216 This was the error which was subsequently condemned in the heresy of Nestorius.
217 John i. 1.
218 John 1. 14
219 1 Cor. xii. 12.
220 John iii. 14, 15.
221 Numb. xxi. 6-9.
222 John iii. 15.
223 John iii. 16.
224 John iii 18.
225 John iii. 19.
226 John iii. 21.
227 Phil. ii. 13.
228 Carnali.
229 See above, ch. 32.
230 Ps. xxiv. 7.
231 Gen. ii. 23.
232 Gen. ii. 19.
233 Rom. viii. 3.
234 1Cor. ix. 27.
235 Ps. cxliii. 2.
236 John xiv. 30.
1 1 Tim. ii 5, 6.
2 Matt. vi. 13.
3 Ps. cxliii. 2.
4 Luke vi. 37, 38.
5 Jas. ii. 10.
6 Jas. ii. 12.
7 See above, Book i. chap. 70 (xxxix.)
8 Originaliter, i.e. owing to birth-sin.
9 1 Cor. xv. 54.
10 Matt. vi. 12, 13.
11 Rom. vii. 18.
12 Rom. vi. 12.
13 Matt. vi. 12.
14 Jas. i. 13.
15 2 Cor. v. 4.
16 Matt. vi. 13.
17 Zech. i. 3.
18 Ps. lxxxv. 4.
19 Ps. lxxx. 3, 4.
20 Da quod jubes; see the Confessions, Book x. chap. 26.
21 Ps. xciv. 8.
22 Ps. cxix. 73.
23 Ecclus. xviii. 30.
24 Wisd. viii. 21.
25 Isa. lvi. 1.
26 Ps cxix. 108.
27 Matt. v. 6.
28 Luke xviii. 11, 12.
29 Ps. xl. 17, lxx. 5.
30 1 Cor. iv. 7.
31 Jer. x. 23.
32 Ps. cxix. 4.
33 Ps. cxix. 5, 6.
34 Ps. cxix. 133.
35 John i. 12.
36 John viii. 36.
37 Ps. cxliii. 2.
38 Jas. ii. 13.
39 Jas. ii. 13.
40 Ps. xxxii. 5.
41 Ps. xxxii. 6.
42 1 John i. 8.
43 Rev. xiv. 3-5.
44 1 John i. 8.
45 1 John iii. 9.
46 See Col. iii. 10.
47 Donec etiam in re fiant.
48 Matt. xix. 28.
49 2 Cor. iv. 16.
50 Eph. iv. 24.
51 Tit. iii. 5.
52 Rom. viii. 23-25.
53 1 John iii. 9.
54 1 John i. 8.
55 1 John iii. 2.
56 1 John iii. 2.
57 Ps. xxxvi. 10.
58 [See below, c. 25; also De Nuptiis, i. 18; also contra Julianum, vi. 5.]
59 Luke xx. 34.
60 John iii. 6.
61 1 John iii. 9.
62 1 John i. 8.
63 Ezek. xiv. 14.
64 Gen. ix. 21.
65 Dan. ix. 20.
66 Ezek. xxviii. 3.
67 Job ix. 2, 3.
68 Job ix. 19, 20.
69 Job ix. 30.
70 Job xiii. 26, to xiv. 5.
71 Job xiv 16, 17.
72 Jer. ii. 29.
73 Ps. cxliii. 2.
74 Eph. ii. 3.
75 Rom vii. 15.
76 Quid quod.
77 Job i. 22.
78 Job xxxix. 34.
79 Job xlii. 5, 6.
80 Ps. cxxxviii. 8.
81 Qua se noverat injustum. Several Mss. have justum [q. d. "had discovered what his own righteousness was,"-i.e. nothing].
82 Phil iii. 6-8.
83 See below, chap. 23.
84 Ps. cxliii. 2.
85 Job i. 8.
86 Rom. vii. 22, 23.
87 Rom. vii. 19, 20.
88 Rom. vii. 24, 25.
89 1 John i. 8.
90 Luke i. 6-9.
91 See above, Book i. c. 50.
92 Heb. vii. 26, 27.
93 Phil. iii. 6.
94 Luke i. 6. [See also his work, De Gratia Christi, 53.]
95 Phil. iii. 7-11.
96 Phil. iii. 12-14.
97 2 Cor. iv. 16.
98 [Augustin plays on the word "perfect."-W.]
99 Phil. iii. 15, 16.
100 Ps. cxliii. 2.
101 Ps. cxliii. 2.
102 Matt. vi. 12; Luke xi. 4.
103 Matt v. 48.
104 See above, chap. 7.
105 1 Cor. iii. 2.
106 Ut sufferat is his antithesis here to ut diligat.
107 Phil. iii. 15.
108 2 Tim. iv. 7.
109 2 Tim. iv. 6.
110 2 Cor. xii. 8, 9.
111 2 Cor. xii. 7.
112 Ps. xcix. 6.
113 Ps. xcix. 8.
114 Prov. iii. 12; Heb. xii. 6.
115 Matt. vi. 12, 14; Luke xi. 4.
116 Matt. xix. 12.
117 See above, chs. 7 and 8.
118 See above, chs. 7 and 8.
119 Jer. x. 23.
120 Jer. x. 24.
121 Ps. cxix. 175.
122 See below, in ch. 33: also De Naturâ et Gratiâ, 29-32; and De Corrept. et Gratia, 10.
123 [Augustin appears to say, in this obscure passage, that had there been two persons, instead of two natures only, in our blessed Lord's person, then no doubt salvation would have been due partly to a human cause.-W.]
124 Ps. lxxxv. 12.
125 Rom. v. 5.
126 1 Cor. iv. 7.
127 See De Gratiâ Christi, 52: and De Gratiâ et Libero Arbi.
128 Prov. viii. 35.
129 Ps. xxxvii. 23.
130 Phil. ii. 13.
131 Isa. xlv. 25: Jer. ix. 23, 24; 1 Cor. i. 31.
132 Ps. lxxxiv. 11.
133 Ps. lxxxv. 10.
134 Ps. xxv. 10.
135 John i. 14.
136 Ps. ci. 1.
137 Matt. xx. 1-16.
138 i.e., the soil of their hearts; see above, at the end of ch. 27.
139 Ps. lxxxv. 4.
140 Ps. ciii. 10.
141 Ps. cxliii. 2.
142 See above, chs. 7, 8, 26.
143 See above, chs. 8, 9.
144 Gen. ii. 17.
145 Prov. iii. 18.
146 Gen. i. 31.
147 Gen. ii 25.
148 i.e. "Parts of shame."
149 Rom. vii. 17, 23.
150 Gen. iii. 7.
151 Gen. xxi. 19.
152 Rom. vii. 24, 25.
153 John i. 12, 13.
154 John i. 14.
155 John i. 1.
156 Medietatem.
157 De maternâ carne peccati, which is the reading of the best and oldest Mss. Another reading has, De naturâ carnis peccati ("of the nature of sinful flesh"); and a third, De materiâ carnis peccati ("of the matter of sinful flesh") . Compare Contr. Julianum, v. 9, and De Gen. ad. Lit. x. 18-20.
158 See above, c. 11.
159 The allusion is to Heb. vii. 9.
160 [See Gelasius, in his Treatise against the Pelagians.]
161 1 Cor. vii. 14.
162 See above, Book i. chs. 21-23.
163 See Rom. v. 18.
164 Catechumens received the sacramentum salis-salt placed in the mouth-with other rites, such as exorcism and the sign of the cross; the Lord's Prayer and other invocations concluding the ceremony. See Canon 5 of the third Council of Carthage; also Augustin's De Catechiz. Rud. 50; and his Confessions, i. 11, where (speaking of his own catechumenical course) he says: "I was now signed with the sign of His cross, and was seasoned with His salt."
165 1 Tim. iv. 5.
166 Mark vii. 19.
167 John vi. 27.
168 See below, Book iii. ch. 21; and his Sermons. xxix. 4.
169 1 Cor. vii. 14.
170 John iii. 3.
171 Rom. vi. 12.
172 Rom viii. 8, 9.
173 We follow the reading, lex [scil. peccati] concupiscentialiter, etc.
174 Compare Augustin's Contra Julianam, vi. c. 22.
175 Luke ii. 11.
176 Rather to Joseph, Mary's husband; Matt. i. 21.
177 John xiv. 30, 31.
178 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22.
179 Col. ii. 14. Chirographa, i.e. "handwritings."
180 Matt. xxvi. 28.
181 1 Thess. iv. 17. Compare Retrac. ii. 33 and Letter 193.
182 Augustin constantly quotes this text with the active participle sperantium, instead of sperandorum. The Greek e0lpizome0nwn is not always construed passively in the passage; some regard it as of the middle voice.
183 Heb. xi. 1.
184 Heb. xi. 13.
185 Heb. xi. 39, 40.
186 Heb. ii. 14.
187 John xiv. 30, 31.
188 Hab. ii. 4.
189 John xvi. 7.
190 John xvi. 8-10.
191 Gen. iii. 18, 19.
192 Gen. iii. 16.
193 John xv. 13.
194 1 John iii. 16.
195 See also his treatise, De Naturâ et Gratia, ch. xxiii.
196 Prov. iv. 27.
197 Same verse [in the Latin and Septuagint; the clause does not occur in the Hebrew].
198 [See the last note.]
199 Num. xiv. 29, 31.
200 Josh. xxiii. 6, 8.
201 Rom. vii. 14.
202 Ps. xxv. 22.
203 Rom. viii. 3.
204 Ps. ciii. 2-4.
205 We follow the reading, per summam praescientiam.
206 Non mereantur.
207 He treats it in his Epistle, 166; in his work, De Animâ et ejus Origine; and in his De Libero Arbitrio, 42.
1 [This commentary is also made known to us by Marius Mercator's Commonitoria, cap. 2, and has been preserved for us among the works of Jerome (Vallarsius' ed., tom. xi.), although probably not without alterations. It seems to have been composed before A.D. 410, at Rome.-W.]
2 Rom. v. 12.
3 John iii. 36.
4 John iii. 18.
5 Mark xvi. 16.
6 [Or "because they lack my own faculty of understanding the subject."].
7 Mark xvi. 16.
8 John iii. 5.
9 Matt. xxv. 34.
10 Matt. xxv. 46.
11 Pertinere ad.
12 Rom. v. 12.
13 John iii. 5.
14 Matt. i. 21.
15 Matt. ix. 12.
16 See John vi. 53.
17 "Adam formam futuri;" see Rom. v. 14.
18 Comp. above, Book i. c. 13; Epist. 157; De Nuptiis, ii. 44; and Contra Julianum, vi. 8.
19 See Cyprian's Epistle, 64 (ad Fidum): also Augustin. Epist. 166; De Nuptis, ii. 49; Contra Julianum, ii. 5; Ad Bonifacium, iv. 3; Sermons, 294.
20 The word implies "of ripe age;" i.e., for "baptism."
21 Luke ix. 56.
22 St. Jerome, on Jon. iii.
23 Ver. 3.
24 Job xxv. 4.
25 Or "who have treated of both languages of the divine Scriptures."
26 Probably in the year 411, when a conference was held at Carthage with the Donatists. Augustin says that he then saw Pelagius; see his work, De Gestis Pelagii, c. 46.
27 [This "Christian Epicurus," as he is called by the intemperate zeal of the asceticism of his day, was condemned as a heretic by councils at Rome and Milan in 390. According to Jerome, who wrote a book against him, he not only opposed asceticism, but also contended for the essential equality of all sins and of the punishments and rewards of the next world, and for the sinlessness of those baptized by the Spirit.-W.]
28 See Jerome's work Against Jovinian, ii. near the beginning.
29 John ii. 6.
30 Isa. liii. 9.
31 Isa. liii. 7.
32 John xiv. 30.
33 2 Cor. v. 21.
34 Jas. iii. 2.
35 Job xiv. 5.
36 Ps. li. 5.
37 Rom. v. 12.
38 Aliena.
39 1 Cor. vi. 15.
40 Rom. ix. 11.
41 Rom. v. 12.
42 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22.
43 1 Cor. xv. 53-56.
44 [This is only one of many examples of the care with which Augustin, writing for the popular eye, illustrates his exegetical points. "Of death" he thus shows is genitive of the object, not of the subject; giving to the phrase the meaning of "the sting which slays man."-W.]
45 Rom. v. 20.
46 Gal. iii. 22.
47 1 Cor. xv. 57.
48 Rom. v. 20.
49 Gal. iii. 22.
50 Mark ii. 17.
51 1 Cor. vii. 14.
52 See Augustin's work On the Sermon on the Mount, i. 16.
53 See the Commentaries on St. Paul in Jerome's works, vol. xi. (Vallarsius), the work of either Pelagius or one of his followers.
54 Ezek. xviii. 6.
55 Matt. vi. 12.
56 1 John i. 8.
57 Ps. cxliii. 2.
58 The Tribune Marcellinus with whose name are connected many other treatises of Augustin. In this work the author informs us that the occasion of its composition was furnished by this person, who mooted an inquiry touching a statement in the preceding books Concerning the Merits and the Remission of Sins. Those books, as we have already indicated, were published A.D., 412. Now in the Retractations there is placed after these very books the present work Concerning the Spirit and the Letter,-not indeed, immediately next, but in the fourth place after,-so that it was written, no doubt, about the end of the same year, A.D. 412, some time previous to the death of Marcellinus, who was killed in the month or September of the following year, 413. This present work is also mentioned in the book On Faith and Works, c. 14; and in that On Christian Doctrine, iii. 33. Compare the notes on p. 15 and p. 130.
59 2 Cor. iii. 6.
60 Seechap. 36 [xxi.].
1 On the Merits of Sins, etc., ii. 6, 7, 20.
2 I Cor. xv. 22.
3 Matt. xix. 24, 26.
4 Matt. xxvi. 53, but observe the "thousand" inserted.
5 Deut. xxxi. 3.
6 Judg. ii. 3.
7 Phil. ii. 13.
8 Ps. cxliii. 2.
9 2 Cor. v. 7.
10 Rom. v. 5.
11 2 Cor. iii. 6.
12 Rom. viii. 6.
13 2 Cor. iii. 6.
14 Rom. vii. 7.
15 Rom. vii. 11.
16 Rom. iv. 15.
17 Rom. vii. 7.
18 Rom. viii. 29, 30.
19 Mark x. 27.
20 2 Cor. iii. 6.
21 Rom. v. 20, 21.
22 Rom. vi. 1. 2.
23 Ro. vi. 2.
24 Rom. vi. 3-11.
25 Ps. xxxvi. 7.
26 Ps. xxxvi. 8-10.
27 Rom. iv. 5.
28 John v. 35.
29 John i. 16.
30 John i. 9.
31 Ps. xxxvi. 10.
32 Ps. xxxvi. 11, 12.
33 Jas. i. 17.
34 Acts. xiii. 9.
35 See Augustin's Confessions, viii. 4.
36 1 Cor. xv. 9.
37 See Rom. i. 7, 1 Cor. i. 3, and Gal. i. 3.
38 Rom. ii. 17-29.
39 Ps. cxlvii. 20.
40 Rom. iv. 15.
41 Ps. xxxiv. 2.
42 Ps. xxii. 25.
43 Rom. iii. 20.
44 Rom. iii. 20.
45 Rom. vii. 7.
46 Rom. iii. 20.
47 Rom. iii. 21.
48 Rom. x. 3.
49 Rom. iii. 22.
50 Prov. iii. 16.
51 Rom. iii. 22, 23.
52 1 Cor. iv. 7.
53 Rom. iii. 24.
54 1 Tim. i. 8.
55 1 Tim. i. 9.
56 1 Tim. i. 9.
57 Gal. iii. 24.
58 Rom. xi. 6.
59 Matt. v. 17.
60 John i. 14.
61 Rom. iii. 23.
62 Rom. iii. 24.
63 Rom. iii. 27.
64 Rom. iii. 27.
65 [The allusion appears to be to the special workmen engaged in producing hammered or beaten (repoussé) work. For other special classes of silver workers, see Guhl and Koner: The Life of the Greeks and Romans, p. 449.-W.]
66 Ps. lxviii. 30.
67 Ps. xii. 6.
68 Job xxviii. 28
69 Cultus Dei is Augustin's Latin expression for the synonym.
70 One of the suffrages of the Sursum Corda in the Communion Service [preserved also in the English service, which reads as follows: "Priest. Lift up your hearts. Answer. We lift them up to the Lord. Priest. Let us give thanks unto our Lord God. Answer. It is meet and right so to do."-W.]
71 Rom. i. 14-17.
72 Ps. iii. 8.
73 Rom. i. 18-23.
74 Gal. vi. 3.
75 Ps. xxxvi. 11.
76 Ps. xxxvi. 9.
77 Rom. i. 21.
78 Job xxviii. 28.
79 Rom. i. 22.
80 Jas. iv. 6.
81 2 Cor. iii. 6.
82 Rom. i. 21.
83 Rom. x. 3.
84 Rom. iii. 20.
85 Rom. v. 20.
86 Rom. vii. 7, 8.
87 Rom. vii. 12, 13.
88 Rom. iii. 20-26.
89 Rom. iii. 27.
90 Rom. iii. 8.
91 Ex. xx. 17.
92 Wisdom viii. 21.
93 Jas. i. 17.
94 2 Cor. x. 17.
95 1 Cor. ii. 12.
96 Rom. i. 21.
97 Rom. x. 3.
98 Luke xviii. 11, 12.
99 See Rom. vii. 7-12.
100 2 Cor. iii. 3-9.
101 Rom. v. 20.
102 Rom. iv. 15..
103 Rom. v. 13.
104 Rom. iii. 20.
105 Rom. vii. 7.
106 Rom. v. 5.
107 Rom. vii. 6.
108 Rom. vii. 7-25.
109 Eccles. i. 18.
110 Gal. v. 6.
111 Rom. vii. 22.
112 Matt. xxvii. 51.
113 2 Cor. iii. 16.
114 2 Cor. iii. 17.
115 Luke xi. 20.
116 Ex. xii. 3.
117 Ex. xxxi. 18.
118 Isa. liii. 7.
119 Acts ii. 2.
120 Ex. xix. 12, 16.
121 Acts ii. 1-47.
122 Rom. xiii. 9, 10.
123 Rom. v. 5.
124 Rom. viii. 7.
125 2 Cor. iii. 3.
126 2 Cor. iii. 13.
127 2 Cor. iii. 4.
128 Cor. iii. 5, 6.
129 Gal. iii. 19.
130 2 Cor. iii. 7.
131 2 Cor. iii. 9.
132 2 Cor. iii. 8.
133 2 Cor. iii. 9.
134 2 Cor. iii. 17.
135 2 Cor. iv. 1, 2.
136 Ps. xxxii. 2.
137 2 Cor. iv. 5, 6.
138 2 Cor. iv. 7.
139 See 2 Cor. v. 1-4.
140 2 Cor. v. 5.
141 2 Cor. v. 21.
142 Jer. xxxi. 31-34.
143 Matt. v. 17.
144 Gal. iii. 21, 22.
145 Gal. iii. 23.
146 Rom. viii. 3, 4.
147 Jer. xxxi. 31.
148 Jer. xxxi. 32.
149 Ex. xx. 17.
150 Jer. xxxi. 32.
151 Jer. xxxi. 33.
152 2 Cor. iii. 3.
153 2 Cor. iii. 3.
154 Jer. xxxi. 33.
155 Rom. xiii. 10.
156 1 Tim i. 5.
157 See Retractations, ii. 37, printed at the head of this treatise.
158 Ex. xx. 13, 14, 17.
159 Rom. xiii. 9.
160 Jer. xxxi. 33.
161 Jer. xxxi. 33.
162 Ps. lxxiii. 28.
163 Ps. xxxvi. 9.
164 John xvii. 3.
165 John xiv. 21.
166 Isa. xxvi. 10.
167 Matt. xxv. 46.
168 John xvii. 3.
169 1 John iii. 2.
170 Col. iii. 10.
171 1 Cor. xiii. 11.
172 1 Cor. xiii. 12.
173 Jer. xxxi. 34.
174 1 Tim. ii. 7.
175 Rom. x. 14.
176 Jer. xxxi. 34.
177 Rom. ix. 7-12.
178 Rom. ix. 11.
179 1 Cor. xv. 9, 10.
180 Jer. xxxi. 34.
181 Rom. ix. 6.
182 See title of Ps. xxii. (xxi. Sept.) in the Sept. and Latin
183 Ps. xxii. 23.
184 Rom. viii. 28.
185 Rom. viii. 30.
186 Rom. iv. 16, 17.
187 1 Cor. xiii. 8.
188 Ib. ver. 11
189 Ib. ver. 12.
190 1 Cor. xiii. 10.
191 John xvii. 3.
192 1 John iii. 2.
193 1 Cor. xiii. 12.
194 Jer. xxxi. 34.
195 Heb. xi. 40.
196 Matt. xx. 8.
197 Jer. xxxi. 32, 33.
198 2 Cor. iii. 3.
199 Josh. xii.
200 Ps. lxxiii. 28.
201 Jer. xxxi. 34.
202 Ex. xx. 17.
203 John xv. 5.
204 Phil ii. 13.
205 1 Cor. iii. 7.
206 Rom. v. 5.
207 Rom. ii. l4, 15.
208 Rom. ii. 14.
209 Rom. i. 16, 17.
210 Rom. i. 21.
211 Rom. ii. 8-13.
212 Rom. ii. 14.
213 Rom. i. 16.
214 Rom. i. 16.
215 Rom. ii. 11.
216 Rom. ii. 13.
217 Rom. iii. 22-24.
218 Rom. ii. 13.
219 Rom. iii. 24, 28.
220 Rom. xi. 6.
221 Rom. ii. 13.
222 Luke x. 29.
223 Matt. vi. 9.
224 Rom. ii. 14, 15.
225 Jer. xxxii. 32.
226 Rom. xi. 24.
227 Gal. v. 6
228 Gal. iii. 8; Gen. xxii. 18.
229 Gal. iii. 16.
230 Gen. xv. 6; Rom. iv. 2.
231 Rom. ii. 15.
232 2 Cor. iii. 3.
233 Rom. ii. 26.
234 See John i. 47.
235 Rom. v. 5.
236 Rom. xiii. 10.
237 Gen. i. 27.
238 Ps. xli. 4.
239 Rom. ii. 14.
240 Rom. v. 12.
241 Rom. iii. 22-24.
242 1 Tim. ii. 5.
243 Rom. ii. 14.
244 Ps. xix. 7.
245 Ps. iv. 6.
246 1 Tim. ii. 5, 6.
247 Rom. ii. 14.
248 Rom. ii. 15, 16.
249 1 Cor. xv. 41.
250 Luke x. 12.
251 Matt. xxiii. 15.
252 Rom. ii. 13.
253 Rom. ii. 14.
254 Rom. ii. 11.
255 Rom. iii. 29.
256 Jer. xxxi. 33, 34.
257 Rom. v. 5.
258 1 Tim. i. 5.
259 1 Cor. xiii. 12.
260 Ps. xxvii. 4.
261 1 Cor. iv. 7.
262 Gal. ii. 21.
263 Ps. lxviii. 18; Eph. iv. 8.
264 Luke viii. 18; xix. 26.
265 Rom. iii. 30.
266 Gal. iii. 8.
267 Gal. ii. 15, 16. [The discussion turns on the difference in the Latin prepositions ex and per, representing the Greek e0k and dia.-W.]
268 Rom. ix. 30.
269 Rom. ix. 31, 32.
270 Phil. ii. 13.
271 Rom. ix. 32.
272 Rom. ix. 32.
273 Rom. x. 3, 4.
274 Mark vii. 9.
275 Rom. ix. 31.
276 Ex. xx. 17.
277 Rom. x. 4.
278 John xv. 5.
279 Rom. x. 6-9.
280 Rom. vi. 4.
281 Rom. x. 13; Joel ii. 32.
282 Ps. xxxi. 19.
283 Rom. iii. 31.
284 Ex. xx. 17.
285 Ps. xli. 4.
286 John v. 14.
287 Ps. xxx. 2.
288 Ps. liv. 6.
289 Ps. cxix. 85.
290 2 Cor. iii. 17.
291 2 Pet. ii. 19.
292 John xv. 5.
293 John viii. 36.
294 [That is, in the Latin, "voluntas" (choice, will, volition) comes from velle (to wish, desire, determine), and "potestas" (power, ability) from "posse" (to be able).-W.]
295 [That is, in Latin, faith ("fides") is both active and passive, and means both trust and trustworthiness, both faith and faithfulness. This is also true in English, as Augustin's own examples illustrate-W.]
296 I Cor. x. 13.
297 Rom. iv. 3; comp. Gen. xv. 6.
298 Rom. iv. 5.
299 Rom. xiii. 1.
300 1 Cor. iv. 7.
301 Rom. ix. 14.
302 Rom. i. 24, 28.
303 9 John xix. 11.
304 1 Sam. xxiv. 7, and xxvi. 9.
305 1 John iv. 1.
306 1 Cor. xiii. 7
307 Rom. iv. 3.
308 Rom. viii. 15.
309 Rom. ii. 9.
310 Rom. iii. 30.
311 Matt. v. 6.
312 John i. 12.
313 See Matt. vii. 7.
314 Matt. vii. 11.
315 1 Cor. xv. 56.
316 Rom. vii. 8.
317 Wisd. viii. 21.
318 Matt. vii. 7.
319 Jas. i. 5, 6.
320 Rom. i. 17.
321 Rom. iv. 5.
322 Rom. iii. 27.
323 Gal. v. 5.
324 2 Cor. iv. 16.
325 Ps. ciii. 5.
326 Eph ii. 8-10.
327 Gal. v. 6.
328 Rom. v. 5.
329 Rom. iii. 21.
330 Ps. iii. 8.
331 Gal. ii. 16.
332 1 Cor. iv. 7.
333 Phil. ii. 13.
334 1Tim. ii. 4.
335 ["Media vis," a "midway power," as Dr. Bright translates it; i.e., it is indifferent in itself, and neither good nor bad, but may be used for either.-W.]
336 1Tim. ii. 4.
337 John i. 1.
338 Ps. lxii. 11, 12.
339 Ex quibus.
340 Ps. ciii. 2-5.
341 Ps. ciii. 5.
342 Non tributiones, sed retributiones.
343 Gal. v. 17.
344 Rom. vii. 23
345 Rom vii. 18.
346 Gal. v. 6.
347 Matt. xxv. 35.
348 Jas. ii. 13.
349 Matt. v. 7.
350 Matt. xxv. 46.
351 John xvii. 3.
352 John xiv. 8, 9.
353 Ps. ciii. 2.
354 Rom. x. 3.
355 Rom. iv. 5.
356 Gal. v. 6.
357 Rom. v. 5.
358 1 Cor. iv. 7.
359 1 Cor. iv. 7.
360 Rom. xi. 33.
361 Rom. ix. 14.
362 Rom. xii. 1, 3.
363 See his work preceding this, De Peccat. Meritis, ii. 7.
364 Matt. xix. 24.
365 Matt. xxvi. 53.
366 Deut. xxxi. 3; comp. Judg. ii. 3
367 Wisdom xvi.
368 Matt. xxi. 21.
369 Augustin, it would then seem had not met with the statement of Eusebius, as translated by Rufinus (Hist. vi. 24), to the effect that Gregory, bishop of Neocaesarea, in Pontus, once performed the miracle of removing a mountain or rock from its place; which Bede also mentions, Comment. on Mark xi., Book iii.
370 2 Cor. x. 17.
371 Jas. i. 17.
372 Compare Matt. xvii. 20, Mark xi. 23, Luke xvii. 6.
373 Matt. xxii. 40.
374 Matt. xxii. 37, 39.
375 Jas. iii. 2.
376 1 Cor. xiii. 12.
377 1 Cor. xiii. 12.
378 John xv. 13.
379 2 Cor. v. 7.
380 Rom. viii. 23.
381 Eph. iii. 20.
382 Matt. xxii. 37.
383 1 Cor. xiii. 12.
384 Phil. iii. 13.
385 Rom. i. 17.
386 2 Cor. v. 7.
387 Deut. vi. 5.
388 Rom. vi. 12.
389 Ex. xx. 17.
390 Ecclus. xviii. 30.
391 The Benedictine editor is not satisfied with the place of the lines in the parenthesis. He would put them in an earlier position, perhaps before the clause beginning with, "Only let us see to it," etc.
392 Matt vi. 12.
393 Ps. cxliii. 2.
394 1 John i. 8.
395 1 Kings viii. 46.
396 Ecclus. vii. 21.
397 Luke vi. 30, 38.
398 Luke xi. 4.
399 Matt. v. 6.
400 John vi. 51.
401 Ps. xxxvi. 9.
402 Rom. x. 6.
403 1 Cor. xv. 53.
404 Rom. vii. 23.
405 Luke i. 37.
406 Rom. ix. 14.
407 Jas. iv. 6.
408 2 Cor. xii. 7-9.
409 Rom. xi. 33-36.
410 See vol. i. p 543.
411 [i.e., the work of Augustin against Julianus, which was left incomplete at his death, and hence is called the Imperfect Work.-W.]
1 In chap. 77.
1 See Sallust's Prologue to his Jugurtha.
2 Rom. x. 2, 3.
3 Rom. x. 4..
4 Gal. iii. 24.
5 Gal. ii. 21.
6 Rom. iv. 5.
7 Rom. iii. 23, 24.
8 Matt. ix. 12.
9 Matt. ix. 13.
10 1 Tim. iii. 16.
11 Rom. x. 14.
12 Rom. x. 17, 18.
13 Gal. ii. 21.
14 2 Cor. v. 17.
15 Eph. ii. 3.
16 Eph. ii. 4, 5.
17 Rom. iii. 24.
18 Rom. iii. 23.
19 Rom. ix. 23.
20 Rom. viii. 29, 30.
21 1 Cor. i. 17.
22 Jas. iii. 15.
23 Peter Lombard refers to this passage of Augustin, to show that God can do many things which He will not do. See his 1 Sent. Dist. 43, last chapter.
24 John v. 21.
25 Job xiv. 2; 1 Kings viii. 46; Eccles. vii. 21; Ps. xiv. 1.
26 Rom. v. 12.
27 1 Cor. i. 1.
28 Gal. ii. 21.
29 We have read discimus, not dicimus.
30 Gal. iii. 24.
31 Gal. iii. 23.
32 Ps. cxix. 133.
33 2 Cor. v. 21.
34 Heb. iv. 15.
35 1 John iii. 9.
36 1 John i. 8.
37 See the De Peccat. Meritis et Remissione, ii. 8-10.
38 Jas. iii. 8.
39 Wisd. i. 11.
40 Matt. x. 20.
41 Jas. iii. 10.
42 Jas. iii. 13-17.
43 Jas. i. 5, 6.
44 Ut lex imperet et fides impetret.
45 Jas. iii 2.
46 Jas. iii. 8.
47 Rom. viii. 7, 8.
48 Rom. xiii. 10.
49 Rom. v. 5.
50 Ps. cxix. 73.
51 Jas. i. 5.
52 1 Cor. i. 17.
53 Ps. xli. 4.
54 Matt. ix. 12, 13.
55 Matt. i. 21.
56 Ps. cii. 4.
57 Matt. i. 21.
58 Matt. ix. 12.
59 1 Tim. i. 15.
60 Rom. i. 21.
61 Rom. i. 23.
62 Rom. i. 24.
63 Rom. i. 24.
64 Rom. i. 25, 26.
65 Rom. i. 26, 27.
66 Rom. i. 27.
67 Rom. i. 28-31.
68 Eph. v. 14.
69 Ps. lxxi. 5.
70 The tribune Marcellinus had been put to death in the September of 413, "having, though innocent, fallen a victim to the cruel hatred of the tyrant Heraclius," as Jerome writes in his book iii. against the Pelagians. Honorius mentions him as a "man on conspicuous renown," in a law enacted August 30, in the year 414, contained in the Cod Theod. xvi. 5 (de haereticis), line 55. Compare the notes above, pp. 15 and 80.
71 Heb. ii. 14.
72 Col. i. 13.
73 John xiv. 30.
74 John xiv. 31.
75 Ps. xxx. 7.
76 Ps. xxx. 8.
77 1 Cor. iv. 7.
78 Ps. xxx. 7.
79 See the treatise De Peccatorum Meritis, ii. 22.
80 2 Cor. xii. 9.
81 2 Cor. xii. 7, 8.
82 Phil. ii. 12, 13.
83 Ps. xxx. 6.
84 1 Cor. vi. 19.
85 1 Tim. i. 20.
86 Ecclus. x. 13.
87 Gen. iii. 5.
88 Ecclus. x. 13.
89 Ecclus. x. 12.
90 Ps. xxxvii. 6.
91 Ps. xxxvii. 5.
92 John xv. 5.
93 Ps. lix. 10.
94 Ps. xxiii. 6.
95 See Ps. xliv. 18.
96 Rom. x. 2.
97 Rom. x. 3.
98 Rom. x. 4.
99 John xiv. 6.
100 Phil. ii. 12.
101 Ps. ii. 11, 12.
102 Ps. ii. 12.
103 Ps. lxxxv. 7.
104 Ps. lxxxv. 7.
105 Ps. lxxxvi. 11.
106 Ps. cxxxix. 10.
107 Luke xii. 37.
108 1 John i. 8.
109 Matt. vi. 12.
110 Matt. vi. 14.
111 1 John iii. 5.
112 1 John i. 8.
113 Matt. xxi. 9.
114 Gen. v. 4.
115 Rom. vi. 12.
116 Rom. vi. 13.
117 1 Thess. v. 21.
118 Rom. v. 12.
119 Acts iv. 12.
120 1 Cor. i. 17.
121 1 Cor. i. 19.
122 Gal. ii. 21.
123 Gal. v. 11.
124 Gal. v. 4.
125 Rom x. 3.
126 Rom. x. 4.
127 Rom. iii. 23.
128 Rom. v. 12.
129 Rom. v. 18
130 Compare De Peccatorum Meritis et Remissione, i. 55.
131 Rom. v. 5.
132 Luke x. 30. Rather, "robbers;" latrones, lhstai/.
133 Luke x. 34.
134 1 Cor. ii. 2.
135 1 Tim. ii. 5.
136 Necesse est me semper loqui posse. This obscure sentence seems to point to Pelagius' former statement: Cujusque rei possibilitatem non tam in arbitrii humani potestate quàm in naturae necessitate consistere.
137 Rom. viii. 24, 25.
138 Ecclus. x. 9.
139 Ps. xii. 1.
140 Ps. xli. 4.
141 Gal. v. 17.
142 Rom. vii. 15.
143 Rom. vii. 18.
144 1 Cor. i. 17. Another reading has crux Christi instead of "Christi gratia," thus closely adopting the apostle's words.
145 Rom. vii. 18.
146 Gal. v. 17.
147 Rom. viii. 9.
148 In the next chapter.
149 Luke x. 34.
150 Gal. v. 17.
151 Gal. iii. 5.
152 See the context of Gal. v. 17, in verses 19-21.
153 Rom. vii. 24, 25.
154 Matt. vi. 13.
155 Rom. vii. 23.
156 See above, ch. 59, sub ini?.
157 Gal. v. 17.
158 Rom. vii. 24, 25.
159 Rom. vii. 24.
160 Luke xvi. 23.
161 Rom. vii. 24.
162 Rom. vii. 22, 23.
163 Rom. vii. 23.
164 Rom. vii. 24.
165 Mark x. 46-52.
166 Rom. vii. 25.
167 Gal. v. 17.
168 Rom. vi. 12.
169 Gal. v. 17.
170 Gal. v. 18.
171 Rom. v. 5.
172 Jas. i. 25.
173 1 John iv. 18.
174 Ps. xvi. 11.
175 Jas. iv. 17.
176 Matt. vi. 13.
177 Mark xiv. 38.
178 See next treatise-its preface, or Admonitio.
179 Ps. cxliii. 2.
180 Matt. vi. 12.
181 Timasius and Jacobus, to whom the treatise is addressed. See ch. 1.
182 Lactantius is the writer from whom Pelagius takes his first quotations here. See his Instit. Divin. iv. 24.
183 Lactantius, Instit. Divin. iv. 25.
184 See Matt. v. 8.
185 Hilary in loco.
186 Hilary's Fragments.
187 Job xix. 25.
188 Ex. xx. 17.
189 Ecclus. xviii. 30.
190 Rom. vii. 20.
191 Pelagius, the friend of Timasius and Jacobus.
192 Job xl. 4, and xlii. 6.
193 Ps. cxix. 21, or 118.
194 1 John i. 8.
195 John xv. 5.
196 Luke i. 6. See Ambrose in loco (Exp. 61, 3. 17).
197 Ambrose's Hymns, 3.
198 Ambrose on Luke i. 3.
199 Ambrose on Luke i. 6.
200 Compare Chrysostom's Homily on Eph. ii. 3.
201 This passage, which Pelagius had quoted as from Xystus the Roman bishop and martyr, Augustin subsequently ascertained to have had for its author Sextus, a Pythagorean philosopher. See the passage of the Retractations, ii. 42, at the head of this treatise.
202 Rom. v. 5.
203 2 Cor. iv. 16.
204 1 Tim. ii. 5.
205 John i. 12.
206 Matt. v. 8
207 Jerome on Matt. v. 8 (Comm. Book i. c. 5).
208 Jerome, Against Jovinianus, ii. 3.
209 Rom. v. 5.
210 Eph. iv. 8.
211 Ps. xxv. 17.
212 Augustin, De Libero Arbitrio,iii. 18 (50).
213 Matt. vi. 13.
214 Augustin gives a similar reply to the objection in his Retractations, i. 9.
215 Matt. vi. 12.
216 Rom. vii. 19
217 De Libero Arbitrio, iii. 19.
218 Eph. ii. 3.
219 This passage, and others in this and the following chapters, are marked as quotations, apparently cited from Pelagius by Augustin.
220 For the "difficulty," which is one of the penal consequences of sin, see last chapter, about its middle.
221 1 John i. 8.
222 See 1 Tim. i. 8.
223 Matt. xi. 30.
224 1 John v. 3.
225 Deut. xxx. 14, quoted Rom. x. 8.
226 According to the Septuagint, which adds after e0n th= kardi/a sou the words kai\ e0n tai=j xersi/ sou. This was probably Pelagius' reading. Compare Quaestion. in Deuteron.Book v. 54.
227 Rom. x. 8.
228 Deut. xxx. 2.
229 John xiii. 34.
230 Rom. xiii. 8.
231 Rom. xiii. 10.
232 Prov. ii. 20
233 Ps. xvii. 4.
234 1 Tim. i. 5.
235 See note at beginning of ch. 82 for the meaning of this mark of quotation.
236 Rom. v. 5.
237 1 Rom. ix. 22.
1 These breves definitiones, which Augustin also calls ratiocinationes, are short argumentative statements, which may be designated breviates.
2 [Probably Spanish refugees; they had recently presented to Augustin a memorial against certain heresies. Oros. ad Aug. 1.-W.]
3 In his epistle (157) to Hilary, written a little while before this work, he mentions Coelestius and the condemnation of his errors in a Council held at Carthage: he expresses also some apprehension of Coelestius attempting to spread his opinions in Sicily: "Whether he be himself there." says Augustin, "or only others who are partners in his errors, there are too many of them; and, unless they be checked, they lead astray others to join their sect; and so great is their increase, that I cannot tell whither they will force their way," etc.
4 2 Tim. iii. 13.
5 Sociorum ejus. It has been proposed to read sectatorum ejus,-not unsuitably (although not justified by Ms. evidence), because Coelestius "had," to use Jerome's words, "by this time turned out a master with a following,-the leader of a perfect army."-Jerome's Epistle to Ctesiphon, written in the year 413 or 414.
6 Gal. v. 17.
7 Ps. xxv. 17.
8 [An accident "is a modification or quality which does not essentially belong to a thing, nor form one of its constituent or invariable attributes: as motion & relation to matter, or heat to iron."-Fleming: Vocabulary of Philosophy.-W.]
9 Eph. ii. 3.
10 [Coelestius had in the previous breviate confined sin to either nature or accident: Augustin declares it to be a property. By this he apparently means that it is a non-essential attribute, without which man would remain man, but yet not what is called a "separable accident."-W.]
11 Ex. xx. 17.
12 2 Cor. iv. 16.
13 Matt. ix. 13.
14 Matt. ix. 12.
15 2 Cor. iv. 16.
16 Rom. viii. 24, 25.
17 Rom. xiii. 10.
18 1 John iii. 2.
19 Ps. xxv. 17.
20 John viii. 38
21 2 Pet. ii. 19.
22 Matt. ix. 12.
23 Ps. xxxi. 7.
24 2 Cor. iv. 16.
25 An application of Rom. ix. 28.
26 Matt. xxii. 40.
27 Matt. xxii. 37.
28 Matt. xxii.. 39.
29 Matt. xxii. 40.
30 Ex. xx. 27.
31 Deut. vi. 5.
32 Rom. xii. 2.
33 Rom. xii. 2.
34 Wisd. viii. 21.
35 Rom. v. 5.
36 Phil. iii. 13.
37 Gal. iii. 24.
38 Gal. v. 17.
39 5Ina mh a\ a_n qelhte, tau=ta puih=te.
40 Rom. vi. 12.
41 Matt. vi. 13.
42 Wisd. ix. 15.
43 1 Cor. xv. 35, 36.
44 Ps. xxxii. 2.
45 Matt. vi. 12.
46 Matt. vii. 2.
47 See above, in his work De Spiritu et Litterâ, 64; also De Naturâ et Gratiâ, 45.
48 Matt. vi. 12.
49 Gal. v. 17.
50 Matt. v. 6.
51 2 Cor. v. 6.
52 Hab. ii. 4.
53 1 Cor. ix. 27.
54 Rom. xii. 12.
55 For this reading of dikaiosunhn instead of e0lehmoj nhn there is high Ms. authority. It is admitted also by Griesbach, Lachmann. Tischendorf, Tregelles, Westcott and Hort, and Alford.
56 Matt. vi. 1.
57 2 Cor. ix. 7.
58 Matt. vi. 12.
59 Phil. iii. 12-15.
60 1 Cor. xiii. 10.
61 Mente. The Septuagint, however, like the Hebrew, has dunamewj. A.V. "thy might." Comp Deut. vi. 5 with Matt. xxii. 37.
62 Rom. vii. 23.
63 Matt. xxii. 37.
64 See above in Augustin's De Spiritu et Littera, 64.
65 1 Cor. ix. 23.
66 1 Cor. ix. 24.
67 Deut. xviii. 13.
68 Augustin's word is inconsummatus. The Septuagint term telisko/menoj (which properly signifies complete, perfect) comes to mean one initiated into the mysteries of idolatrous worship.
69 Deut. xxiii. 17.
70 Matt. v. 48.
71 2 Cor. xiii. 11.
72 Col. i. 28.
73 Phil. ii. 14, 15.
74 Eph. i. 3, 4.
75 Col. i. 21, 22.
76 Eph. v. 26, 27.
77 1 Cor. xv. 34.
78 Lev. xix. 2.
79 1 Pet. i. 13-16.
80 Ps. xv. 1, 2.
81 Ps. xviii. 23.
82 Ps. cxix. 1.
83 Prov. xi. 20.
84 Matt. vi. 12.
85 1 Tim. i. 8.
86 Rom. xiii. 10.
87 1 John iv. 18.
88 Rom. v. 5.
89 Ps. cxix. 80.
90 Ps. cxix. 133.
91 Matt. vi. 10.
92 Matt. vi. 13.
93 2 Cor. ix. 7.
94 Deut. xxx. 9-14.
95 Matt. xi. 28-30.
96 1 John v. 3.
97 Rom. x. 3.
98 Rom. x. 10.
99 Matt. ix. 12.
100 1 John v. 3.
101 Job xiv. 4, 5.
102 Job xii. 4.
103 Job xiii. 18.
104 Matt. vi. 12.
105 Luke xi. 41.
106 Matt. xxv. 35.
107 Job xvi. 18.
108 Job ix. 17.
109 Job vi. 2, 3.
110 Job xxiii. 11, 12.
111 Eph. vi. 14.
112 Prov. xviii. 17.
113 Job. xxix. 14.
114 1 Cor. xv. 26.
115 Job xxvii. 6.
116 Rom. vii. 15.
117 Hab. ii. 4.
118 Ecclus. xviii. 30.
119 Rom. vi. 12.
120 Rom. vi. 13.
121 Rom. vii. 16.
122 Ex. xx. 17.
123 Job xiv. 16, 17.
124 Job xiv. 4, 5.
125 Ps. cxv. 2.
126 If this refer to Num. xxiv. 3, 15 (as the editions mark it), the quotation is most inexact. The Septuagint words o0 a_nqrwpoj o9 alhqinwj orw=n is not a proposition equal to "homo verax," as an antithesis to the proposition "omnis homo meudax."
127 Job i. 1.
128 See above, ii.(4).
129 Job xvii. 8.
130 Ecclus. xv. 8.
131 Rev. xiv. 5.
132 Ps. cxv. 2.
133 Eph. v. 8.
134 1 Cor. i. 31.
135 Rev. xiv. 5.
136 1 John i. 8.
137 Ps xiv. 3.
138 Ps. xxxvii. 3.
139 Tobit iv. 21.
140 Matt. vi. 13.
141 Ps. xiv. 2.
142 On this passage Fulgentius remarks (Ad Monimum, i. 5): "In no other sense do I suppose that passage of St. Augustin should be taken, in which he affirms that there are certain persons predestinated to destruction than in regard to their punishment, not their sin: not to the evil which they unrighteously commit, but to the punishment which they shall righteously suffer; not to the sin on account of which they either do not receive, or else lose, the benefit of the first resurrection, but to the retribution which their own personal iniquity evilly incurs, and the divine justice righteously inflicts."
143 Luke xviii. 19.
144 Matt. xii. 35.
145 Matt. v. 45.
146 Ecclus. xxxix. 25.
147 Prov. ii. 21.
148 Ex. iii. 14.
149 John i. 8.
150 John v. 35: ["lucernam," not "lux:" as also in the Dies Irae it is said of John, "non iux iste, sed lucernam," in allusion to these passages.-W.]
151 Matt. v. 14, 15.
152 John i. 9.
153 Matt. vii. 11.
154 Matt. xix. 16.
155 Luke x. 27, 28.
156 See also his work Contra Julianum. ii. 8.
157 Prov. xx. 9.
158 Prov. xx. 8.
159 Ps. xix. 12.
160 Prov. xx. 8, 9.
161 Matt. v. 8.
162 Ps. xxiv. 3, 4.
163 Ps. cxxv. 4.
164 Ecclus. xiii. 24.
165 Ecclus. xxxviii. 10..
166 1 John iii. 21, 22.
167 Matt. vi. 12, 13.
168 Jas. ii. 13.
169 Matt. xiii. 43.
170 Eph. v. 27.
171 Col. iii. 4.
172 John vii. 39.
173 Eph. v. 26.
174 Rom. viii. 30.
175 Luke xiii. 32.
176 Phil. iii. 13.
177 Ps. xxiv. 3, 4.
178 Ecclus. xiii. 24.
179 Ecclus. xxxviii. 10.
180 1 John iii. 21, 22.
181 Eccles. vii. 20.
182 Job i. 8.
183 See above, ch. xii. (29).
184 Eccles. vii. 20.
185 Ps. cxliii. 2.
186 Luke i. 6.
187 Heb. v. 1.
188 See above, ch. xi. (23).
189 Eph. i. 4.
190 Tit. i. 6.
191 Ps. cxliii. 2.
192 Jas. ii. 13.
193 1 John i. 8.
194 1 John iii. 9.
195 l John v. 18.
196 1 John iii. 5, 6.
197 1 John iii. 2, 3.
198 1 John i. 8.
199 2 Cor. iv. 16.
200 Rom. v. 12.
201 1 John iii. 6.
202 Rom. ix. 16.
203 1 Cor. vii. 36.
204 Philem. 13, 14.
205 Deut. xxx. 15, 19.
206 Ecclus. xv. 14-17.
207 Isa. i. 19, 20.
208 Matt. vi. 10.
209 Matt. vi. 13.
210 Luke xi. 9.
211 1 Cor. vii. 36.
212 1 Cor. vii. 36.
213 Phil. ii. 13.
214 Ps. xxx. 5.
215 Ecclus. xv. 15.
216 Ecclus. xv. 16.
217 Cant. iv. 8.
218 Rom. xii. 3.
219 John vi. 44.
220 John vi. 62-65.
221 Isa. i. 19, 20.
222 Gal. iii. 19.
223 Rom. v. 20.
224 Ps. xvi. 4.
225 1 Tim. ii. 5.
226 Ps. xxvii. 9.
227 Matt. vi. 13.
228 Rom. viii. 28.
229 Rom. viii. 29, 30.
230 Ps. lxxvii. 2.
231 Rom. v. 5.
232 Rom. viii. 26.
233 1 Tim. ii. 5.
234 Rom. v. 12.
235 Matt. ix. 12.
236 Matt. ix. 13.
237 1 John i. 8.
238 Rom. vi. 12.
239 Matt. vi. 12.
240 Matt. vi. 13.
241 Jas. iii. 2.
242 Eph. i. 22, 23, and v. 23.
243 Ps. xxxii. 2.
244 See Augustin's treatise, De Natura et Gratia, 74, 75.
245 Their names were Heros and Lazarus.
246 1 That is, Lydda.
247 2 To be found in Migne's Patrologia Latina, vol. vii., Appendix.
1 More properly called On the Palestinian Proceedings.
2 Isa. viii. 20.
3 Ecclus. xix. 16.
4 Ps. xxviii. 9.
5 Rom. viii. 14.
6 Ps. lix. 10.
7 Wisd. vii. 1.
8 Wisd. vii. 6, 7.
9 1 Cor. ii. 16.
10 Ps. cix. 18.
11 Ecclus. xv. 16, 17.
12 Rom. viii. 29.
13 Rom. ix 22.
14 Rom. ix. 23.
15 Ps. lix. 10.
16 Ps. lix. 10.
17 Rom. i. 24.
18 Ps. cxl. 8.
19 Ecclus. xxiii. 5, 6.
20 1 Cor. iii. 12.
21 1 Cor. iii. 15.
22 Matt. xxv. 46.
23 The bishops Heros and Lazarus; see above,1 [11.].
24 1 Cor. iii. 12, 15.
25 Jas. ii. 13.
26 Luke xiii. 25-27.
27 Luke xix. 27.
28 Matt. xxv. 33.
29 Luke xix. 20-24.
30 Matt. xxii. 11-13.
31 Matt. xxv. 1-10.
32 Matt. xxii. 14.
33 Prov. xx. 9.
34 1 Cor. xiii. 5.
35 Dan. vii. 18.
36 Gal. iv. 21-26.
37 Gal. iv. 30.
38 Jer. xxxi. 31, 32.
39 Dan. vii. 18.
40 2 Cor. iii. 6.
41 Rom. ix. 8.
42 Gal. iv. 25, 26.
43 It is told by Pliny, Hist. Nat. x. 3 (3), and Lucan, Pharsalia, ix. 902, etc.
44 Creditum, however, is read in both clauses; we should expect non creditum in one, as one reading has it. [?-W.]
45 See Ecclus. xix. 16.
46 See Jas. iii. 2.
47 See below, in chap. 57 [xxxi.].
48 Rom. vii. 24,25.
49 Matt. vi. 13.
50 Gal. ii. 21.
51 2 Cor. iii. 6.
52 Rom. vii. 7, 8.
53 Rom. vii. 12.
54 Rom. vii. 13.
55 Rom. vii. 14-16.
56 Rom. vii. 23.
57 Rom. vii. 24,25.
58 Rom. vii. 25.
59 Rom. vii. 18.
60 Rom. vii. 18.
61 Rom. vii. 7.
62 Rom. vii. 15.
63 Rom. vii. 18.
64 Timasius and Jacobus, at whose Instance Augustin wrote, and to whom he addressed his book De Naturâ et Gratiâ.
65 The reader may consult the treatise De Naturâ et Gratiâ, chs 53 and 54, on this opinion of Pelagius.
66 See De Naturâ et Gratiâ, xxxvii. (44).
67 See above, ch 16 (vi).
68 Hanc talem haeresim.
69 Compare Augustin's work De Peccato Originali, ch xi. (12).
70 See same treatise as before, and same chapter.
71 See Augustin's letter to Hilary, in Epist 157.
72 "In the Basilica Majorum." According to another reading, "the church of Majorinus."
73 Augustin mentions their names in his work Contra Julianum, Book i. ch. v. 19)..
74 1 John i. 8.
75 Matt. vi. 12.
76 1 John i. 8.
77 Matt. vi. 12.
78 1 Cor. vii. 25.
79 1 Cor. vii. 7.
80 This "better expression," "non expedit ducere," Augustin substitutes for the reading "non expedit nubere," as applied to a woman's taking a husband. The original, gamh=sai [not gamei=sqai], justifies Augustin's preference.
81 Matt. xix. 10, 11.
82 See above, (20).
83 He refers to Pelagius' work which Augustin received from Jacobus and Timasius, aud against which he wrote his treatise De Naturâ et Gratiâ.
84 See above, (2).
85 Phil. i. 19.
86 Matt. x. 19, 20.
87 See above, (5).
88 Ps. cxix. 133.
89 1 Cor. xii. 28.
90 1 Tim. iv. 1.
91 1 Tim. ii. 7.
92 Acts xxviii. 5.
93 Acts xiv. 8, 9.
94 1 Cor. xiv. 18.
95 1 Cor. xii. 17.
96 Another reading has Ecclesiarum, instead of gratiarum; q.d. "difference in churches."
97 Rom. xi. 6.
98 Rom. iv. 4.
99 Gal. v. 6.
100 Rom. xiv. 23.
101 Cant. iv. 8.
102 Ps. lix. 10
103 Ps. c. 3.
104 Rom. xii. 3.
105 1 Cor. iv. 7.
106 2 Tim. iv. 7.
107 2 Tim. iv. 7.
108 1 Cor. xv. 57.
109 Rom. ix. 16.
110 2 Tim. i. 12. St. Paul's phrase, th=n paraqhkhn mou, has been taken in two senses, as (1) what God had entrusted to him; and (2) what the apostle had entrusted to God's keeping. St. Augustin, it will be seen, here takes the latter sense.
111 There seems to be a corruption in the text here: "Quid alind apostolo Petro Dominus commendavit orando." Another reading inserts de before the word apostolo. Our version is rather of the apparent sense than of the words of the passage.
112 Luke xxii. 32.
113 1 Cor. i. 31.
114 1 Cor. xv. 9.
115 This is a poor imitation of Augustin's playful words: "Me potius onerabo quam illum honorabo."
116 1 Cor. xv. 9.
117 1 Cor. xv. 10.
118 2 Cor. vi. 1.
119 1 Cor. xv. 10.
120 1 Cor. xv. 10.
121 In a conference held at Jerusalem at the end of July in the year 415, as described by Orosius in his Apology.
122 1 Cor. xv. 10.
123 Rom. ix. 16.
124 Ps. cxxvii. 1.
125 Rom. ix. 16.
126 See the treatise De Peccatorum Meritis, iii. 1.
127 Rom. ix. 16.
128 Avitus, perhaps, Passerius, and Dominus ex duce, whose names do not occur in the Acts of the Synod of Diospolis, but are mentioned by Orosius Apol. 3.
129 Augustin here refers to the Proceedings of the conference at Jerusalem before its bishop John, which sat previous to the Council of Diospolis. See above, 37 (xiv.).
130 1 Cor. xv. 9, 10.
131 See above, 30 (xiv.).
132 See above, 32.
133 We have preferred the reading gratis creatam to the obscure gratiam creaturam.
134 Phil. iii. 12.
135 Ps. xxv. 7.
136 See Lev. iv.
137 2 Pet. i. 4.
138 Ps. cvii. 20
139 Supprimendam.
140 1 Tim. ii. 4.
141 See Augustin's Epist. 168.
142 Pelagius.
143 This term corresponds somewhat to our Sir; but Augustin here refers to its more expressive meaning of Master, or Lord.
144 Rom. ix. 16,
145 Tuoe Benignitatis Epistola is more than "your kind letter." "Benignitas" is a complimentary abstract title addressed to the correspondent.
146 In 37 [xiv.]
147 1 Cor. xv. 10.
148 Ch. 16. At the synod of Diospolis. The proceedings before John, bishop of Jerusalem, were not duly registered. See above, 39.
149 See above, 37.
150 Matt. vi. 12.
151 1 John iii. 2.
152 Rom. vii. 23.
153 1 Cor. xv. 55.
154 This point, however, was definitely settled a year or two afterwards, at a council held in Carthage. (See its Canons 6-8.) See also above, the Preface to the treatise On the Perfection of Man's Righteousness.
155 1 Cor. xi. 19.
156 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22.
157 This trial was held at Carthage, before the Bishop Aurelius (to whom Augustin dedicated he present treatise), at the beginning of the year 412, as appears from the letter to Innocentius among Augustin's Epistles, 175, Nos. 1 and 6..
158 This happened in the year 415, in the month of December, at Diospolis.
159 Isa. viii. 20. See above, 2.
160 Rom. vii. 24, 25.
161 See above, 5.
162 Matt. xxv. 46. See above, 9.
163 1 Cor. iii. 15.
164 Dan. vii. 18. See above, 13.
165 See above 16.
166 See above, 26.
167 See above, 27.
168 See above, 29.
169 1 Cor. vii. 25.
170 See above, 32
171 1 Cor. xv. 9.
172 See above, 16.
173 See above, 24.
174 See above, 30.
175 2 Pet. i. 4.
176 He here refers to a letter (32) of Pope Innocent to John, Bishop of Jerusalem. It thus commences: "Plunder, slaughter, incendiary fire, every atrocity of the maddest kind have been deplored by the noble and holy virgins Eustochium and Paula, as having been perpetrated, at the devil's instigation, in several places of your diocese," etc. An epistle by the same writer (33) addressed to Jerome, begins with these words: "The apostle testifies that contention never did any good to the Church."
177 From this it follows that we must refer his books On the Grace of Christ and On Original Sin to the year 418; for it was in this year that the Pelagian heresy was condemned by the pope Zosimus. Somewhat earlier there was held a general council of the bishops of Africa at Carthage, to take measures against the heresy,-the precise date of which council is May 1st of this year 418. Augustin, on account of this council, was detained at Carthage, and his stay in that city was longer than usual, as one may learn from the 94th canon of the council, or from the Codex Canonum of the Church of Africa, canon 127, as well as from his epistle (193, sec. 1) to Mercator And it was in this interval of time, before he started for Mauritania Caesariensis, that he wrote these two books for Albina, Pinianus, and Melania: accordingly, in his Retractations, he places them just previous to the time of his proceedings with Emeritus, which were concluded at Caesarea on the 20th of September in this very year 418. Julianus, in his work addressed to Turbantius, calumniously attacked a passage in the book On the Grace of Christ; the passage is defended by Augustin in his work against Julianus, iv. 8. 47, where he mentions this first book, addressed to the holy Pinianus, as he calls him, and gives its title as "Concerning Grace, in opposition to Pelagius." [Albina, with her son-in-law Pinianus, and her daughter Melania, by whose questions Augustin was led to write this work, constituted an interesting family of ascetics, which had formerly lived in Africa, but at this time were in Palestine; Pinianus at the head of a monastery, and his wife an inmate of a convent.-W.]
1 [See note to the passage from the Retractations above; and for full accounts see Smith and Wace's Dictionary of Christian Biography, under these names.-W.]
2 1 Tim i. 15.
3 See De Gestis Pelagii, c. 30.
4 We have in these two clauses an explanation of the terms "law" and "teaching," which Pelagius uses almost technically.
5 [These three technical terms are, possibilitas, voluntas, actio.-W.]
6 [The three terms here are, posse, velle, esse.-W.]
7 Phil. ii. 12.
8 Phil. ii. 13.
9 Rom. iv. 15.
10 Rom. vii. 7.
11 2 Cor. iii. 6.
12 Gal. iii. 21.
13 Gal. iii. 22.
14 Gal. iii. 24.
15 Rom. iii. 19-21.
16 1 Cor. i. 31.
17 Rom. xiii. 10.
18 Rom. v. 5.
19 Phil. ii. 13.
20 2 Thess. iii. 2.
21 Matt. xi. 28.
22 John vi. 44.
23 John vi. 65.
24 2 Cor. xii. 7-9.
25 1 Cor. xiii. 4.
26 2 Cor. iv. 6.
27 2 Cor. xii. 9.
28 1 Cor. ii. 14.
29 Rom. viii. 28, 30.
30 1 Thess. iv. 9.
31 1 Thess. iv. 10.
32 Isa. liv. 13; Jer xxxi. 34; John vi. 45
33 Phil. iii. 9.
34 Ps. cxix. 68.
35 John vi. 45.
36 See above, ch. 7 [vi.].
37 The technical gradation is here neatly expressed by profectus, affectus, and effectus.
38 See above, ch. 5 [iv.].
39 Ps. cxix. 37.
40 Matt. x. 20
41 See ch. 5.
42 [The technical phrase is possibilitas utrinsque partis.-W.]
43 Matt. vii. 18.
44 1 Tim. vi. 10.
45 1 Cor. iii. 7.
46 [Here the phraseology contrasts vitium naturae, with vitium natura.-W.]
47 1 John ii. 16.
48 1 John iv. 7, 8.
49 1 John iii. 9,
50 Same verse.
51